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Department of Education, Fculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. , vahedi@yahoo.com
Abstract: (13 Views)
Background: Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the most common precursors to mental health problems in adolescents and can lead to a wide range of future mental disorders in adulthood. One of the factors contributing to the formation of this disorder is psychological inflexibility. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of various treatment methods on oppositional defiant disorder, the efficacy of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on increasing psychological flexibility in students with this type of disorder has not been investigated so far.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on increasing psychological flexibility in students with oppositional defiant disorder.
Methods: The method of this study was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all second-year high school students with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Urmia who had referred to Urmia counseling centers in the first half of 1403. From among them, 24 were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (12 students in each group). The data collection tool in this study was the Personalized psychological flexibility index (Akbari et al., 2021). Also, the positive cognitive behavioral therapy protocol (Bannink, 2012) was implemented for the experimental group in the form of 10 weekly, 90-minute sessions. Research data analysis was also performed using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS-27 software.
Results: The results showed that positive cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on psychological flexibility and its three components (avoidance, acceptance, and harnessing) in students with oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that positive cognitive behavioral therapy be included in school curricula, especially for students with oppositional defiant disorder. Also, therapists should pay due attention to increasing psychological flexibility in the treatment of adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on increasing psychological flexibility in students with oppositional defiant disorder.
Methods: The method of this study was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all second-year high school students with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Urmia who had referred to Urmia counseling centers in the first half of 1403. From among them, 24 were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (12 students in each group). The data collection tool in this study was the Personalized psychological flexibility index (Akbari et al., 2021). Also, the positive cognitive behavioral therapy protocol (Bannink, 2012) was implemented for the experimental group in the form of 10 weekly, 90-minute sessions. Research data analysis was also performed using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS-27 software.
Results: The results showed that positive cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on psychological flexibility and its three components (avoidance, acceptance, and harnessing) in students with oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that positive cognitive behavioral therapy be included in school curricula, especially for students with oppositional defiant disorder. Also, therapists should pay due attention to increasing psychological flexibility in the treatment of adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder.
Article number: 8
Keywords: positive cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological flexibility, oppositional defiant disorder, students.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/10/14 | Accepted: 2026/02/17 | Published: 2026/07/23
Received: 2025/10/14 | Accepted: 2026/02/17 | Published: 2026/07/23
References
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)