Background: Numerous studies have investigated the factors affecting the use of narcotic drugs and examining athletes' self-efficacy, body image and persuasion. But regarding the Explanation of structural equation models, there is a relationship between the tendency to use narcotic drugs in bodybuilding athletes based on self-efficacy, body image, and visibility mediated by the motivation to succeed in the research gap.Aims: The aim of this study was to explain the structural equation modeling relationship between the tendency to use narcotic drugs in bodybuilding athletes in Tehran based on self-efficacy, body image and visualization with mediating motivation for success. Method: It was a correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all bodybuilding athletes of Tehran city clubs in the year 97, 600 were selected randomly. The tool consisted of: Researcher-made Visibility Inventory (1398), Body Image Questionnaire (External, Cache & Mikulka, 1990): Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (Roberts, Tersch, & Blaggy, 1998), Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Schwarzer & Jerosalem, 1981), Nirosan Content Inventory (Habibi et al., 2016). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and mediation effect test. Results: There was a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and body image with the tendency to use inert substances, there was no significant relationship between indulgence and tendency to use inert substances, between indulgence and tendency to use There was no significant relationship between narcotic substances. There was a positive and significant relationship between body image and visibility with motivation for success (P˂ 0/01), there was no significant negative relationship between motivation for success and tendency to use narcotic substances, and between self-efficacy and motivation for success. There was a significant negative (P˂ 0/05). Conclusions: Based on self-efficacy, body image and visualization tendency to use inert substances cannot be explained.