Background: In the literature of couples ' relationships, how couples deal with is dependent on how to assess the individual and the impact of the individual and their shared life as well as the attachment styles of each couple. One of the crucial variables in marital relations is the coping strategies with the tension factor. Aims: The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) on Coping Strategies in Couples Referred to Tehran Counseling Centers. Methods: Method of research was semi-experimental (pre-Test, Post-Test, Follow-up) with control group. The study population included all couples who referred to counseling centers due to marital conflicts. Sampling was purposeful in which 30 couples, were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (15 couples each). Experimental group received 10 sessions EFCT once a week. After the end of the intervention, both the experimental and control groups were performed post-test in the studied variable and after two months, the follow up test was performed. Tool was coping strategies resources1989(CSR). Covariance& Repeated measures analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy reduced the emotional and inefficient coping strategies(P>0.05) and increased problem-focused coping strategies (P>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the effect of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy in Couples Referred to Tehran Counseling Centers. has been effective also the results of the findings showed that there was no significant difference in gender variable in coping strategies between couples.

Background: Improving marital satisfaction and family cohesion of the veterans' family is important because of eight years of war and their physical and psychological problems. The research has proven the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on improving family functioning in different statistical societies. Aims: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of emotionally focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on family cohesion and marital satisfaction of veteran' wives in Khoramabad city. Method: The method of present study was quasi-experimental with post-test and follow-up. The sample, including 60 veteran' wives in were selected in available manner and were assigned randomly into two experiment and one control groups (each group 20 persons). The first experiment group received 10 emotionally focused therapy sessions and the second the same numbers for cognitive behavioral ones and control group were placed in waiting list. Tool used in this study was included family cohesion (Samani,1381) and marital satisfaction  (Enrich, 1989) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using analysis of used repeated masseur variance. Results: In posttest phase, Interventions increased the family cohesion and marital satisfaction significantly (p>0.05). Also, the emotional therapy group has sustainability effect in the follow-up stage, but it isn’t significant compared to post-test (p<001). Conclusions: So, emotionally focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be utilized for improving family cohesion in veterans. 

Background: Given the increasing number of elderly people in the world and in Iran, and the need to pay attention to their health (physical and mental), it is important to be aware of the status of health indices and factors among these people. The main issue was to investigate the status of mental health indices in Iranian elderly people in order to provide a scientific and practical approach to improve quality of life. Aims: The aim of this research was to assess the status of mental health indices in Iranian elderly people. Method: This study was descriptive and was conducted using field study. 150 elderly people were selected in the city of Shiraz by multi-stage cluster sampling and were assessed by the elderly mental health indices questionnaire. The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance. Results:  The results showed that for the elderly people, family, religious, psychological, physical, social and economic dimensions were the most important dimensions with mean score (out of 5) of 4.27, 4.05, 3.84, 3.56, 38. 3 and 24.2, respectively. Also, the most important indices of mental health were "having a proper parenting pattern", "mutual understanding with the spouse", "loving relationship with the spouse", "training the children effectively", and "believing in God". Comparison of the status of indices showed that the elderly men had better status in family (t = 2.25, p= 0.002), social (t= 3.18, p= 0.002), and psychological dimensions (t=2.28, p = 0.002) than the elderly women. Women also had better status in religious (t= -2.35, p= 0.002), economic (t= 2.14, p = 0.002) and physical (t=-2.45- p= 0.002) dimensions. Conclusions:  The results showed that parental relationships, effective marital relationship, successful parenting and religious affairs are the most important factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly people. 

Background: studies have shown that marital intimacy can predict marital adjustment, but can more accurate prediction of marital adjustment  be achieved through marital intimacy  interaction and deficit emotion regulate?Aims: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment levels based on variables of marital intimacy and emotion regulation difficulty. Method: the method of this study was correlation. For this purpose, 72 couples who referred to counseling centers in Shahroud participated in this study. They were asked to complete the Spanier Marital Adjustment Questionnaires (1976), Marital Intimacy (2001), and Gertz & Romer (2004) Deficit emotional regulate scale. stepwise regression and correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that marital adjustment was predictable by marital intimacy and emotion regulation. Emotion regulation and its components play a greater role in predicting marital adjustment than marital intimacy. nonacceptance of negative emotions, controlling impulsive behaviors, limited access and lack of emotional awareness of components Deficit emotional regulate and emotional, psychological, sexual, social, and recreational intimacy (p<0/01). Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that couples who have higher marital intimacy and are more able to control emotions have more marital adjustment.

Background: The psychological dysregulation inventory is a powerful and multidimensional tool in identifying and diagnosing behavioral and mental health problems in adolescents. Therefore, study of its validity and reliability in adolescents is necessary. Aims: The purpose of the present research was to examine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of psychological dysregulation inventory among adolescents. Method: The research design was descriptive and it was a type of factor analysis, and the statistical population of this study was all students of Tabriz secondary school, a sample of 440 people was selected by cluster sampling. The data were collected by the psychological dysregulation inventory (Mezzich and colleague, 2001). Results: The reliability coefficients obtained for behavioral dysregulation, cognitive dysregulation, emotional dysregulation components and total scale, were respectively, 0/90, 0/88, 0/85 and 0/95, which indicate a good reliability. Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that significant relationship between observed variables and the Latent structures confirmed, and the three-factor in this sample was appropriate fitness. Conclusions: The psychological dysregulation inventory among the adolescents has good reliability and validity, and use of this tool in future research is reliable. 

Background: Research shows that meta-cognitive therapy affects a variety of variables and that female-headed households have difficulty with thought-control strategies, but the question is how does meta-cognitive therapy affect female-headed thinking strategies? Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on thought control strategies of women head of households in Tehran. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. Forty female heads of households were selected from Tehran household heads of households in the year 1977 and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of Wells (2000) metacognitive therapy. Thought control strategies were measured using the Wells and Davis Thought Control Questionnaire (1994) and the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance. Results: The results of the covariance showed that metacognitive therapy had a significant effect on the increase of thought control strategies and the components of attention turnover, social control and reassessment of Tatir housewives (p≤0/001). Conclusions: Meta-cognitive therapy can be used to improve thought control strategies and its components, such as attention to return, social control, and reassessment of female-headed households. 

Background: Family functioning and attachment styles are important variables in children's behavioral problems. But the key question is, can internalization behavioral problems in students be predicted based on attachment styles and family functioning? Aims: To predict internalizing behavioral problems based on attachment styles and family functioning in elementary school students in Tehran. Method: This was a correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school students in Tehran in 1396-97 with their families, 341 (175 girls and 166 boys) using multistage cluster random sampling. Samples were selected. The tools included: of the Family Assessment Questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab, 1983), Child Behavior Inventory (Achenbach, 1) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 2). Analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and structural equations. Results: The results showed that family functioning directly and indirectly through attachment style predicts internalizing behavioral problems, and all three types of attachment styles are able to predict internalizing behavioral problems and attachment variable Safe has a negative impact on internalized behavioral problems (P≤0/05). Conclusions: Safe attachment and effective family functioning with empathetic behaviors and appropriate emotional involvement, protective care and positive parenting can be used to prevent internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression

Background: Marital relationship is the core of the family system, and since the family institution is the first social institution that has significant effects on the growth, development and formation of personality, therefore, it is necessary to study the issues and problems that lead to the collapse of family and marital relations. Aims: The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on personality traits and attachment styles mediated by coping strategies. Method: The present study is an exploratory-sequential and guided correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married female undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran in 1997. The sample was 350 students who were selected by convenience sampling to collect research data from the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1987). Neo (1990), Collins and Reid (1990) attachment styles and Rezakhani (2009) coping strategies were used.. Results: The results showed that there was a negative relationship between neuroticism and extroversion personality traits with marital satisfaction and a significant positive relationship between openness, agreement and conscientiousness with marital satisfaction; Also, the relationship between avoidant and anxiety attachment styles with negative marital satisfaction and with secure attachment style is positive and significant. Neuroticism β= -0.48 and avoidance attachment style β= -0.41 have a greater share in explaining marital satisfaction (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Among the achievements of this study can be encouraging therapists to create solutions to change the cognition, thoughts, actions, emotions and feelings of couples and thus improve relationships and marital satisfaction and community cohesion.

Background: Based on the researches done over the past few decades bullying is a serious problem and if effective action is not taken to prevent bullying and to educate people, this phenomenon will become a common norm in schools. There is a research gap in the effectiveness of assertiveness training on the victimization rate of male students who are victims of bullying, as reviewed by domestic research on bullying. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training on victimization rate of male students who are victims of bullying. Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in Marivan city, who were studying in the 97-98 academic year. Using cluster random sampling method, 60 students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (30) and control (30) groups. The participants of the experimental group were trained in groups for six weeks and two sessions per week (12 sessions in total). The revised questionnaire bully / victim scale of Olivius (1996) and the Gambrill and Ritchie (1975) assertiveness questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the victimization rate of bullying students in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the student victims in the control group (p< 0/001). Conclusions: according to the findings of this study it can be concluded that, assertiveness training during adolescence can be effective in reducing the victimization rate of students who are victims of bullying.

Background: Subjective vitality is defined as having adequate physical and mental energy. People with higher emotional intelligence, are happier, livelier, and more functional. But the main question of the present study is whether the self-compassion plays a mediating role in this regard? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective vitality with mediation of self-compassion among undergraduate students of Shiraz University. Method: This research was a correlational study. From the statistical population of undergraduate students of Shiraz University in academic year 1397-98, 298 students (149 women and 149 men) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they completed three questionnaires of subjective vitality (Ryan & Frederick, 1997), self-compassion (Neff, 2003), and emotional intelligence (Petridse & Furnham, 2001). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method. Results: Research model had a proper fitness with the research data, and emotional intelligence had a direct effect on students' self-compassion ( =β0/41, p˂ 0/05), and subjective vitality ( =β0/29, p˂ 0/01). The indirect effect of emotional intelligence on students' subjective vitality was also statistically significant through mediation of self-compassion (=β 0/21, p˂ 0/01). Thus, it can be said that emotional intelligence can affect students' subjective vitality both directly and indirectly through mediation of self-compassion. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that promoting emotional intelligence can enhance students' self-compassion and as a result, provided their subjective vitality.

 
Background: Adolescents spend most of their daytime in school. Thus, schools can likely influence adolescents’ basic psychological needs and their behaviors related to need satisfaction. Researchs has confirmed the effectiveness of basic psychological needs on the promotion of well-being, but the question of this research is whether the strategies of cognitive emotion regulation can affect the relationship between basic psychological needs in school and emotional well-being?
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological basic needs satisfaction at school and students’ emotional well-being with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. Method: This study was a correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all second grade high school students from Shiraz city in the academic year 1397-98. Participants were 487 students (252 girls and 235 boys) selected through the random cluster sampling method. They completed adolescent students’ basic psychological needs at school scale (Tian et al., 2014), emotional well-being scale (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003), and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraiij, 2006). Results: The findings using structural equation modeling showed that satisfaction of need for competence and need for relatedness could positively, and the need for autonomy could negatively and statistically significant predict cognitive emotion regulation, and cognitive emotion regulation was a significant predictor of emotional well-being. Moreover, the mediation role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between psychological basic needs satisfaction at school and students’ emotional well-being was confirmed. Conclusions: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of students at school and use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies can improve their emotional well-being.

Background: Studies have shown that lifestyle change through regulation and orientation to human life is effective on improving individual-educational determinants but a study which addresses the impact of this training on students' self-efficacy, outcome expectations and source of control has been neglected.
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle change training on improving self-efficacy, outcome expectations and reducing locus of external control in students.
Methods: This study was an experimental study with pre-test, post-test with control group. The research population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Research Sciences Branch in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. The study sample included 40 students who were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method and, then, were assigned into experiment and control groups (20 individuals per group) through random assignment method. The research tool were the scales of General Self-Efficacy (Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995), Student Outcome Expectations (Landy, 2003) and Source of Control (Rotter, 1966). For the experiment group, lifestyle change training (Van Pay, 2018) was held in eight 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that lifestyle change training was effective in increasing students' self-efficacy, outcome expectations and reducing locus of external control (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Lifestyle change training can be used by therapists as an efficient way to improve students' self-efficacy and outcome expectations and reduce their external control beliefs, and thus help their academic-career success.

Background: Many studies have been conducted on the identity of employees in the country. But research that examines the ethical identity of sports workers as a moderating role in the impact of high-performance work systems and unethical Unethical pro-organizationalbehaviors has been neglected.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of moral identity in the effect of high-performance work systems on immoral Unethical pro-organizationalbehaviors of sports employees.
Methods: The present study is a correlation study that was conducted with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population was the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, from which 324 people were selected as the research sample. The measurement instrument was a standard questionnaire for research variables, the validity of which was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method.
Results: The results obtained from the structural equation model showed that work systems with high-performance and ethical identity can have a direct positive effect on unethical Unethical pro-organizationalbehaviors of employees. Ethical identity can also be used as a moderator variable to increase the impact of work systems on Unethical pro-organizationalbehavior by 0.184.
Conclusion: Considering the effect of the variables studied in this study, it is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth provide the necessary support to increase the identity and especially the moral identity of their employees so that the employees do their best to handle positive organizational activities.

Background: Research shows that emotional dyslexia and the components of difficulty in identifying emotions have a positive relationship with the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and maintain the cognitive factors of social anxiety disorder and cause them to avoid others.
Aims: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on alexia in women with high alexia and on social anxiety in women with social anxiety based on their brain-behavioral systems and to determine the difference in effectiveness in two groups. It was planned and executed from these women.
Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with non-random sampling and available with a two-group design (experimental group and control group) with pre-test-post-test and follow-up. The statistical population included 16 available women with high emotional dyslexia and 16 women with social anxiety due to their availability in 2018, each of whom was selected into two experimental and control groups.
Results: The results of the mixed analysis of variance showed significant changes of the two groups for the within-group factor, and the group and interaction effects of time and group were also significant. The results of multivariate analysis of variance to compare the group effect on the linear combination of the effectiveness of mindfulness training techniques on alexia in women with high alexia and on social anxiety, women with social anxiety based on their brain-behavioral systems in the short-term and long-term show showed that the effect of the group factor on the linear combination of the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques training... in the post-test and follow-up was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The results showed that variables such as emotional ataxia and social anxiety changed under the influence of mindfulness training based on brain-behavioral systems, and there was a fundamental difference in the two training groups, which had previously been compared between these two disorders simultaneously. had not taken place.

Background: Unethical pro-organizational behavior is one of the factors in the development of any organization. These are behaviors that violate accepted social and moral standards. Research evidence shows that the unethical behavior of employees is increasing from day to day, and the behavior of managers, and supervisors and the domination of an inhuman atmosphere in the organization can provide the basis for the occurrence of unethical behavior on the part of employees.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between high-performance work systems and immoral Unethical pro-organizational behavior in the mediating role of multiple moral identities and psychological ownership.
Methods: This study is a correlation study that was performed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. The statistical population was the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, from which 324 people were selected as the available research sample. The measurement tool of Aquino and Reed Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002); High-performance work systems Zachartos (2005) and the immoral meta-organizational behaviors of Amphos et al. (2010) were the research variables. The validity of the instruments was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The collected data were analyzed using the partial least squares method.
Results: The findings of the research showed that the factor loading obtained between the predictor variables and the grand criterion was obtained from 0.4. Also, the results of a t-value greater than 1.96 were obtained. The GOF index in this model was 0.454, which indicated the strong fit of the structural equation model. The result of the Sobel test 9.45 and 10.54 confirmed the mediating role of moral identity and psychological model, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, managers should pay special attention to high-performance work systems to guide the behavior of employees in the organization. Also, managers should take steps to control the extra-organizational behaviors of their employees by paying attention to the structures of psychological ownership and moral identity.

Background: Research evidence suggests that marital infidelity can have irreparable consequences for couples, however, the role of forgiveness as a key variable can neutralize this to some extent. Therefore, dealing with effective treatments for women's forgiveness after their husband's betrayal has been neglected.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment and treatment schemas on forgiveness in women affected by infidelity.
Method: The present study was applied and quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all women affected by infidelity who lived in Tehran in 1401-1400 and referred to counseling centers. The sample consisted of 60 betrayed women who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They all completed the Heartland Forgiveness Questionnaire in three stages: pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up, and the experimental groups received schema therapy interventions and acceptance and commitment-based therapy. After data collection, the data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis by SPSSV19 software.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the variable of forgiveness and all its components between the groups of schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment with the control group (P<0.05) and therapeutic interventions promoted forgiveness. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment based therapy (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that schema therapy and treatment methods based on acceptance and commitment to forgiveness were effective in women after infidelity, and therefore the knowledge of psychologists, counseling and health experts about these treatments is helpful to promote forgiveness of betrayed women.

Background: Systematic review of research shows that infidelity and marital infidelity cause the most damage to the relationship between spouses and can even destroy the relationship.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and logo therapy on forgiveness and marital trust of women affected by marital infidelity seeking divorce.
Method: The present research was a quasi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test with a control group. From the community of women affected by marital infidelity, divorce applicants referring to family counseling centers in Babol city using available sampling of 48 women (16 women in the reality therapy group, 16women in the logotherapy group and 16 women in the control group) were selected and were assigned randomly. All three groups completed the Pollard et al. (1998) Marital Forgiveness Questionnaire and the Rampel & Holmes (1986) Marital Trust Questionnaire in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After collecting data, the data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance using SPSSV22 software.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in both variables of marital forgiveness and marital trust (F = 3.955 and P = 0.001). In other words, the results showed that both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions were effective in the research variables, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions of reality therapy and logotherapy in any of the variables (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Finally, the results of this study showed that both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions are effective in promoting marital forgiveness and marital trust. Therefore, the awareness of couple therapists, counselors, psychologists and other specialists can help reduce marital infidelity and divorce.

 Background: The research indicates that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological distress are among the most important structures that can cause problems to people's health. In addition, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on these structures in women has conflicting results, requiring more research in this field.
Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on women's psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes.
Method: The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Beck et al. dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (1991) and Kessler et al. psychological distress questionnaire (2002) in two phases, pre-test and post-test, and received an acceptance and commitment-based therapy trial group (Wells and Sorrell, 2007). After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS_V19 software.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p<0.01), which indicates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the variables of ineffective attitudes and psychological distress.
Conclusion: The women who participated in acceptance and commitment-based training obtained lower scores in ineffective attitudes and psychological distress in the post-test than before participating in the said program compared to the group that did not participate. This issue indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based education in research variables.

 Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic mental disorder that requires different treatments due to its complex nature. Schema therapy (ST) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are two treatments that have been studied in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and previous studies have shown them to be effective. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of integrating these two methods in comparison with other methods.
Aims: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ST and the integration of schema therapy with the exposure and response prevention technique (STERP) in treating distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to counseling centers in the north and center of Tehran from the beginning of November to the end of February 2020. Forty-five people were selected by a convenience method based on inclusion criteria. The first intervention group (ST) received 12 sessions, and the second intervention group (STERP) received 14 sessions. The research instrument included the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (Simmons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by mixed-design analysis of variance and Bonferroni test in SPSS-23 software.
Results: The results showed that ST and STERP interventions increased distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions at the end of interventions and follow-up period (P<0.0001), but STERP was more effective in treating distress tolerance compared to the ST.
Conclusion: The results showed that using exposure and response prevention methods integrated with schema therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder allows the them to analyze different dimensions of anxiety-inducing stimuli and provides a more appropriate answer to it.

Background: The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS), which primarily underlie emotions and behaviors, are associated with borderline personality disorder. However, the reasons behind these associations in adolescents require further exploration.
Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the role of brain inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) in impulsivity with a mediating role of emotion dysregulation in female vocational school teenagers with borderline personality disorder.
Methods: The current descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a statistical population of all female students of technical vocational schools with borderline personality disorder in District 5 of Tehran. Thus, 176 female students of technical and vocational schools were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection tools included the Borderline Personality Scale (STB) by Jackson and Claridge (1991), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/ Behavioral Activation System (BAS) questionnaire developed by Carver and White (1994), Barrett impulsiveness scale (2004), and Gratz and Roemer's Emotion Dysregulation Scale (2004). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software using the Partial Least Square method.
Results: According to the results, the indirect effect of brain activation/inhibition systems on impulsivity with the mediating role of emotion dysregulation was 0.523 and significant at the 0.05 level (p< 0.05). The direct effect of brain systems on emotion dysregulation and impulsivity was 0.436 and 0.463, respectively, which was significant at the 0.05 level (p< 0.05). The direct effect of emotion dysregulation on impulsivity was 0.524 and significant at the 0.05 level (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: As shown in this study, there was a significant relationship between the sensitivity of brain systems in emotion dysregulation and subsequently impulsivity. Thus, impulsivity-prone teenagers and students should be identified to provide them with preventive interventions (e.g., coping strategies and strengthening protective factors such as individual, social, and family support).