Background: Communication irrational beliefs, individual differentiation, and marital frustration are factors that cause divorce in men. But the main question is whether there is a meaningful relationship between irrational beliefs and differentiation mediated by sexual function and marital frustration with the tendency to divorce men? Aims: To present a causal model of divorce tendency of married men referred to counseling centers based on irrational communication beliefs and individual differentiation with mediating role of sexual function and marital frustration. Method: This was a correlational and analytical survey. The statistical population consisted of all married men referring to counseling centers throughout the city of Tehran. A sample of 240 individuals was selected by random sampling method. The instruments are: Adelson & Epstein Communication Standardized Beliefs Questionnaire, Individual Differentiation (1982), Rosen et al. (2000), Men's Sexual Function (FSEI), Nihuis & Bartel Marital Disappointment, and Roosevelt, Johnson & Divorce Tendency Moreau (1986). data were analyzed using multiple regression and path analysis. Results: The components of irrational beliefs about communication and individual differentiation were correlated with the mediating role of sexual function and marital frustration in the tendency to divorce in men (p<0/05). Conclusions: Reducing marital frustration and irrational communication beliefs can have a positive effect along with increasing individual differentiation and sexual function of men in decreasing divorce tendency of men with marital problems. 

Background: The statistics of extramarital affairs are increasing due to its negative effects in different societies and it is a matter of concern, especially that in backgrounds related to infidelity, extramarital affairs is associated with a decrease in psychological health; And knowing that your spouse is unfaithful can lead to negative reactions, including physical assault, suicide, or even murder. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness and communication beliefs of couples involved in Marital Infidelity. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included couples on the verge of divorce who had referred to the Deputy for Justice and Prevention of Kermanshah in 2019 due to marital infidelity. The research sample consisted of 24 pairs, which were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 pairs each). Participants completed the Forgiveness Questionnaire (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010) and Communication Beliefs (Idelson and Epstein, 1982) before and after the treatment intervention. Emotional couple therapy intervention was performed for 8 sessions for the experimental group. During this period, the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. To test the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance was used using SPSS-21 software. Results: Findings showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy can significantly increase forgiveness and reduce dysfunctional communication beliefs of couples with marital breakage experience (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Accordingly, emotional couple therapy can be used by therapists as an effective and efficient way to increase forgiveness and reduce the couple's dysfunctional beliefs, and thus help improve marital relationships. Emotional couple therapy that requires the least facilities, equipment, and costs should be considered by couples with experience of breach, and family therapists should use these programs to reduce the problems of couples with breach of experience.

Background: Experts in the field of adolescents emphasize that instructional programs can play an effective role in improving the attitude towards the life of children and adolescents. Among these programs, we can mention the life skills' training and therapy of acceptance and commitment on attitude, but so far, no independent study has compared the effectiveness of these two approaches in improving students' attitude towards life; Therefore, considering the research gap in this field and the importance of the mentioned variables, research in this field seems necessary.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to comparing the effectiveness of two methods of life skills' training and a therapeutic approach based on commitment and acceptance on the attitude to the life of female's junior high schoolers.
Methods: The current research is semi-experimental and includes pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research includes all female's junior high schooner’s in Karaj city whose number was about ten thousand. 60 people of them who had low scores in the attitude towards life questionnaire were selected and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group (20 people each). One of the experimental groups was exposed to ten sessions (each session 90 minutes) of the life skills' training package (Mohammadkhani, 2015) and the second experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions (each session 90 minutes) of the therapeutic approach based on commitment and acceptance (Hayes, 2011). One week after the sessions, both study groups answered the Battista's (1973) life attitude index questionnaire again. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (including multivariate covariance analysis and Benferroni's post hoc test) were used.
Results: The findings showed that the two methods of life skills' training and the approach based on commitment are effective on female students' attitude to life (P< 0.05). But there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of life skills' training with the group of acceptance and commitment on students' attitude to life (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of life skills' training programs and therapeutic approach based on commitment and acceptance, these approaches can be used to improve students' attitude to life in counseling centers, psychological institutions and educational centers, including schools.