Background: Social anxiety disorder, as one of the most common psychological disorders, is characterized by a persistent fear of negative evaluation in social and performance situations, significantly impacting the individual’s and social quality of life for those affected. Existing treatments include psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy, particularly the widespread use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of these methods, both individually and in combination, especially in diverse populations, remains limited and scattered.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy on improving social anxiety through a systematic review.
Methods: This systematic review included research findings from 2016 to 2025, which were retrieved from databases such as SID, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search was conducted using English keywords: Psychological Interventions, Pharmacotherapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Treatment Efficacy, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Combined Therapy (Psychotherapy + Medication), as well as their Persian equivalents: psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, treatment efficacy, social anxiety disorder, combined therapy (psychotherapy + medication). Based on inclusion criteria, 38 out of 50 reviewed articles were selected, and the results were categorized, summarized, and reported.
Results: This systematic review indicates that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), leading to sustained improvement in symptoms and social functioning. Pharmacotherapy, particularly SSRIs, also reduces symptoms but is associated with side effects. Combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are more effective in severe cases, although psychotherapy alone yields comparable results. Personalizing treatment is essential to achieving optimal outcomes.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that both psychological treatments (especially CBT) and pharmacotherapy are effective in reducing social anxiety symptoms, with combined therapy yielding better results in severe cases. Novel interventions, such as virtual reality and mindfulness-based therapies, also show promising potential.
 

Background and Objective: Self-control in adults with ADHD is considered one of the most complex and significant functional components, directly influencing their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to systematically review self-control strategies in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Method: This systematic review examined research findings from 2004 to 2024, retrieved from databases such as SID, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search included English keywords: Self-control, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, self-regulation, executive function, impulsive behaviors, self-management, adults, and their Persian equivalents: self-control, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, self-regulation, executive function, impulsive behaviors, self-management, adults. Based on inclusion criteria, 40 out of 60 reviewed articles were selected, and the results were categorized, summarized, and reported.

Findings: Research indicates that deficiencies in self-control can lead to significant challenges in occupational, academic, and social functioning. These issues stem from neurological differences that make it difficult for individuals with ADHD to manage time, regulate emotions, and focus on long-term goals. However, studies show that with targeted interventions, cognitive-behavioral skill training, and personalized approaches, significant improvements in self-control can be achieved. Ultimately, self-control is not just a challenge but also an opportunity for growth and empowerment in adults with ADHD.
Conclusion: The results indicate that self-control in ADHD is a multidimensional issue requiring a comprehensive and individualized approach. A deep understanding of this concept can lead to the design of more effective interventions and improvements in the quality of life for adults with this disorder.