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Network analysis of early maladaptive schemes and career adaptability of students
Masoumeh Masoumi, Majid Zargham Hajebi, Mohammad Rabi'ei, Mohammad Hossein Zarghami,
Volume 21, Issue 116 (11-2022)
Abstract
  1. Background: Numerous studies have shown that early maladaptive schemes play a role in various aspects of human life, but there is a research gap in the relationship between these schemes and career path adaptability.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between early maladaptive schemes and adaptability of students' career path by network analysis.
Methods: The research method was descriptive, correlational and research tools were Young's Scheme Questionnaire (1990) and Savickas' Career Adaptability Questionnaire (2012). The statistical population included all students of universities and higher education institutions in the country in 2019, sampling method was non-random with maximum variation and the sample size was 849 people. Questionnaires were provided to students through Google Docs. Network analysis, R software and Qgragh package were used for data analysis.
Results: Based on the betweenness index, Unrelenting Standards scheme (20) and the confidence (19) were ranked first. Also, the shortest path between adaptability dimensions and schemes was obtained separately: The dimension of Concern, with the schemes of Approval-Seeking (10/21), Subjugation(10/76) and Insufficient Self- control(13/17), Control dimension, with schemes of Emotional Deprivation(9/99), Insufficient Self-Control(10/69) and Unrelenting Standards(11/76), Curiosity dimension with Insufficient Self-control(10/26), Emotional deprivation(10/99) and Mistrust(11/21), And the dimension of Confidence with Insufficient Self-control(8/10), Unrelenting Standards(9/17) and Failure to Achive(10/36), have the shortest distance, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that from 18 early maladaptive scheme, 8 schemes of Approval-Seeking, Subjugation, Insufficient self-control, Emotional Deprivation, Unrelenting Standards, Entitlement, Mistrust and Failure to Achive have the most role in various dimensions of students' career path adaptability.

Comparing the effectiveness of of Combined Virtual Reality and Mindfulness Therapy with Short-term Mindfulness Intervention on Cognitive Flexibility in people with generalized anxiety disorder
Mrs Toktam Masoumi, Dr Gholamreza Manshaee, Dr Hadi Farhadi,
Volume 24, Issue 150 (8-2025)
Abstract
Background: Excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that are difficult to control and interfere with day-to-day activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder. In recent years, digital techniques, such as virtual reality (VR) have been employed in tandem with more traditional psychological interventions. Therefore, the use of these interventions is a research and experimental necessity due to their cost-effectiveness along with traditional interventions.
Aims: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of combined virtual reality and mindfulness therapy with short-term mindfulness intervention on cognitive flexibility in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder referring to the clinics of the Psychological Services and Counseling Center of Region 3, the Counseling and Psychological Services Center of Welfare Organization of Region 6, and the Ariaz Counseling and Psychological Services of Region 6, Tehran, in the year 2022. The sample consisted of 45 individuals with generalized anxiety disorder selected purposively and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Pre-tests for all three participant groups were conducted using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (Spitzer et al., 2006) and the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), and the experimental groups received separate weekly interventions over 8 sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS23 software.
Results: The findings indicated that both experimental groups, the combined virtual reality and mindfulness therapy, and the short-term mindfulness intervention, showed significant differences compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages in cognitive flexibility (p < 0.05). The results of Benferroni's post hoc tests showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that combined virtual reality and mindfulness therapy along with short-term mindfulness intervention were effective in increasing cognitive flexibility.
 
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