Identity styles are developed based on a number of variables and experiences. Family has an important role on the development of children identity. How and based on what kind of mechanisms family shapes the children identity styles? The present study had two purposes:
1) examining the relationship between family functioning and children identity styles and 2) examining the mediating role of children ego strength on the relationship between family functioning and children identity styles. Two hundred and thirty seven students (123 boys, 114 girls) and their mothers participated in this study. All students were asked to complete the Identity Styles Inventory (ISI) and Ego Strength Scale (ESS). All mothers completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD). The results revealed that family functioning had a significant positive association with ego strength. Children ego strength showed a significant positive association with informational and normative identity styles
(p<0.01) as well as a significant negative association with diffuse/avoidant identity style (p<0.01). The results of path analysis showed that ego strength had a mediating role on the relationships between family functioning and informational identity style. According to the results of the present study, it is concluded that the relationship between family functioning and children identity styles is not a simple one. This relationship is somehow influenced by the mediating role of personality characteristics such as ego strength.

Sensory problems during childhood and the severity of the effects of these sensory problems on parents are affected by many factors, among which the children use of new techniques and technologies can have an important impact on parent's interactions and psychological problems to the so This study aimed comparison family functioning, psychological well-being and daily stresses to parents with cochlear implant children and parent with deaf children. The research method was causal-comparative study. To do so, 80 parents of children with cochlear implant and parents with deaf children were selected using at-hand sampling. Both groups filled out family assessment device (FAD) (1983), sarafino daily stresses scale (1997) and psychological well-being ryff (1980). Independent sampling t test was used for analyzing data. The results showed psychological well-being and family functioning higher in parents children’s with cochlear implant  in comparison with mothers of deaf children (P<0.05). On other hand the results showed there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the variables related to daily stresses. Therefore, it seems that parents of deaf children with cochlear implantation experience less psychological problems compared to the parents of deaf children without cochlear implantation, but like the parents of deaf children without cochlear implantation, they have the same daily tensions in dealing with the needs of the deaf child.

Background: The identification of positive family and personality factors affecting the reduction of negative outcomes in adolescent girls is important. Aims: This study aimed to study the family function and positive youth development to predict depression in adolescents. Method: The present study was a correlational-descriptive design. The statistical population consisted of all secondary school female students (second period) in the city of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2018-2019. So, 293 girl adolescents that were selected from 18^th district of education regions by method was multi-stage cluster. According to the sample loss, 293 individuals were included in this study. To collect data, Geldhof et al.’s Positive Youth Development Scale(2014), the  Epstein et al.’s Family Assessment Device(1983), and Kovacs and Beck’s Child Depression Inventory(1977) were used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS24. Results: The results revealed that competence, confidence, and connection respectively played significant roles in predicting depression (p= 0/001), and totally explained 39% of the variance of depression. The components of family function including role, problem solving, and emotional expression respectively had significant roles in predicting depression (p= 0/001), and totally explained 25% of the variance of depression. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicated the importance of family function with emphasis on the components of positive youth development including competence, confidence, and connection in adolescent depression. 

Background: although increasing use of Internet and social networks have affected social life and interaction of people, but how quality of life style can be compared among people ? Aims: this study aimed to compare quality of life, family function, and lifestyle of married women users and non-users of social networks. Method: This research was a causal-comparative design and its statistical population consisted of all married women users and non-users of social networks of Islamic Azad University of Rasht in 2016. The study sample included 150 users and 150 non-users of social networks who were selected through convenience sampling according to inclusion criteria. To collect data, the world health organization quality of life questionnaire (1990), Epestin and colleague family performance scale(1982), Lali and colleague questionnaire (2012) were used. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the married women users and non-users of social networks in four components of quality of life, three components of life style, and in all components of family functions, so that the score of social network user group was lower than that of the non-user group (p<0/001). Conclusions: non users married women had better quality of life and family function than other group.  

Background: Family functioning and attachment styles are important variables in children's behavioral problems. But the key question is, can internalization behavioral problems in students be predicted based on attachment styles and family functioning? Aims: To predict internalizing behavioral problems based on attachment styles and family functioning in elementary school students in Tehran. Method: This was a correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school students in Tehran in 1396-97 with their families, 341 (175 girls and 166 boys) using multistage cluster random sampling. Samples were selected. The tools included: of the Family Assessment Questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab, 1983), Child Behavior Inventory (Achenbach, 1) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 2). Analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and structural equations. Results: The results showed that family functioning directly and indirectly through attachment style predicts internalizing behavioral problems, and all three types of attachment styles are able to predict internalizing behavioral problems and attachment variable Safe has a negative impact on internalized behavioral problems (P≤0/05). Conclusions: Safe attachment and effective family functioning with empathetic behaviors and appropriate emotional involvement, protective care and positive parenting can be used to prevent internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression

Background: Much research has been done on the factors affecting students' academic self-regulation, but no study has been conducted that simultaneously examines the interactive effect of family functioning, school climate, psychological hardiness and academic self-efficacy variables on students' academic self-regulation.
Aims: Students' academic self-regulation was modeled based on family functioning, school climate, and psychological hardiness as mediating academic self-efficacy.
Methods: The present study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all male students studying in the second year of high schools in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400 and 385 people were selected by available sampling method and given to motived strategies learning questiones (MSLQ) of Pintrich and Degroot (1990), McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF) of the Epstein et al., (1983), the school climate of Zullig et al., (1982), and academic self-efficacy of Gafoor and Ashraf (2007), responded.
Results: The results showed that the hypothetical model of the research had a good fit with some modifications (GFI =.907, NFI =.901, CFI =.929, cmin / df = 2.150, RMSEA =.059). Also, the direct path coefficients between family functioning and school climate with academic self-regulation were significant, but the direct path coefficient between psychological hardiness and academic self-regulation was not significant. The results also showed that the indirect path coefficients between family functioning, school climate and psychological hardiness with academic self-regulation were significan
Conclusion: Students' academic self-regulation can be enhanced by improving family communication processes, improving relationships within the school, and increasing students' psychological hardiness.