Ego strength refers to a set of ego functions as one of the personality structures. Normal development process requires ego abilities in coping with id, superego and environmental demands and conflicts. Having a valid instrument is needed to measure these abilities. The aim of the present study was to develop and examine psychometric properties of the Ego Strength Scale (ESS) including construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Three hundred and twelve Iranian men and women (174 women, 138 men) participated in this study, voluntarily. All participants were asked to complete the ESS, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS). The design of the present study was developmental-practical. Analysis of the data involved exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for internal consistency, and test-retest for reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis supported a five factor structure including Ego-control, Ego-resiliency, Mature Defense Mechanisms, Problem-focused Coping Strategies and Positive Emotional-focused Coping Strategies. The convergent and discriminant validity of the ESS were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of psychological well-being, psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affects. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores on the ESS and scores of the psychological well-being, psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affects were statistically significant. Coefficient alpha estimates of internal reliability were between 0.79 and 0.85 for the ESS subscales. Test-retest reliability of the ESS was also calculated at the range of 0.65-0.73
(p < 0.001). All correlations were statistically significant. It was concluded that the ESS can be considered as a reliable and valid scale to measure ego strength in Iranian samples.

Background: Physical literacy has been widely considered by researchers in recent years, but there are limited tools for measuring it, and have not been reported a reliable tools for measuring physical literacy in Iran yet. Aims: This study was done to investigate the psychometric properties of Sam (2016) Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI). Method: The method of this research was descriptive and the study population were high school students in Tehran in 2019-2020 who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from different parts of Tehran. The sample size of the study was 836 adolescents aged 12-18 years. The translation process of the questionnaire was done forward-backward, then the content validity of the questionnaire was performed using the opinions of 10 sports science experts. After distributing the questionnaire in the data sample, it was tested in the assumed three-factor model of Sam (2016). Also, to assess the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was re-assessed in 30 subjects after 11 days. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis test, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that CFI, NFI, GFI, IFI (> 0/9), PCFI, PNFI (> 0/8) and AGFI (> 0/5) indices has optimal fit of the model and the three-factor model was approved. Also, the instrument had good internal consistency and reliability of test-retest in the factors and scale (> 0/7). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the Persian PPLI has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess the perceived physical literacy of adolescents.

Background: A systematic review of previous research reveals that many factors explain self-injury behaviors in individuals. The measurement of self-injury and its relevant statements is of great importance; however, this aspect is disregarded in Persian research.
Aims: The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury among students.
Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population encompassed all students at the Tehran universities, from whom 393 persons were selected by using the convenient sampling method. The research instruments were the Persian version of Klonsky and Glenn’s (2009) Inventory of Statements About Self-injury, Rajaei and Shafiei’s (2011) High-Risk Behaviors Scale, Lovibond and Lavibond’s (1995) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (1999), and Leishnring’s (1999) Borderline Personality Disorder Test. Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS software version 22 and LISREL software version 8.80.
Results: The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury has acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.94, IFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.08). Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the validity of the questionnaire (= 0.93), suggesting that the instrument validity is satisfactory. Furthermore, the results of Pearson correlation showed that self-injury statements had a positive and significant relationship with high-risk behaviors, depression, anxiety, and stress at P <0.01.
Conclusion: The study findings indicated that the inventory has acceptable psychometric properties in Iranian society; hence, this scale can be used in various studies.

Background: Given the importance of driving and its relationship with the general health of the community, it is important to recognize the psychological competencies of online taxi drivers. Various studies have shown a link between people's mental health and different behaviors while driving, and on the other hand, the lack of assessment tools in this regard has created a research gap.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to measure the mental health of online taxi drivers.
Methods: The present study was a tool-making and standardization study. The statistical population of the study included online taxi drivers in Tehran. Finally, 1323 completed questionnaires were obtained. Sample selection method was available. The research instruments were the online health questionnaire of online taxi drivers and the general health questionnaire. In order to analyze descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage were used. To examine the internal consistency of the questionnaire, Pearson correlation was used between the subscales of "Online Taxi Drivers Mental Health Questionnaire". Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the fit of the scale. In order to evaluate the convergent validity, in addition to the "Online Taxi Drivers' Mental Health Questionnaire", the general health questionnaire was administered to 100 people and their correlation was examined. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest coefficient of the questionnaire were also examined to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software version 22.
Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitness of the model. The validity criterion examined in the present scale was the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed the relatively high validity of the present instrument (In the range of 0.68 to 0.77). Also, the correlation between the components indicates the internal consistency of the instrument (In the range of 0.22 to 0.52). The results of convergence validity also showed that this tool has a significant correlation with the general health questionnaire (P=0.001, r= 0.59).
Conclusion: The results showed that the "Online Taxi Drivers Mental Health Questionnaire" has acceptable validity and reliability. Accordingly, this questionnaire can be used to assess the mental health of people who work in online taxi companies. It is suggested that in order to use and improve the efficiency of this tool, more research be conducted in different groups.

Background: Research has shown that maladaptive emotional schema (MES) leads to anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal damage, and mood disorders. Since, MES may be influenced by cultural differences, In the present research, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of emotional schemas in Iranian culture will be investigated.
Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the short-form emotional schema questionnaire in Iranian students.
Methods: The current research was of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study includes all students in Tehran City in 2021, out of which 306 students were selected based on Cochran's formula using convenience random sampling method, and the participants completed emotional schema-short form (Leahy, 2012) and Cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Cronbach's Alpha, content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results: Cronbach’s Alpha was obtained above 69% for all scales. CVR and CVI were calculated above 80%, which suggests the acceptable content validity of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 8-factor structure of the emotional schema scale. This, it was shown that the model enjoys a suitable goodness of fit in the sample of Iranian students.
Conclusion: Considering the appropriate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Emotional Schema Scale, it can be suggested to the specialists in the field of psychology and consultants to use this scale in research and diagnostic settings.

Background: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) are known as indicators of vocabulary in texts. Specifically, with the help of algorithms and computational processes, it can analyze elements such as emotions, cognitions, attitudes, vocabulary, language style and social communication in texts, and the lack of a Persian version was one of the most important reasons for conducting this research.
Aims: The purpose of this research was to develop and examine the psychometric features of the Persian Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count in categories of Affect and Cognitive Processes.
Methods: The present research method was descriptive and correlational. The method of developing categories of cognitive processes and affect consists of several stages. The development of the dictionary started with the initial translation of the words of the LIWC-22, and then, a huge corpus of Persian texts was analyzed to maximize the coverage of words of each category in the Persian language using text analysis methods. In the next step, the words were evaluated by psychologist judges, and then linguists determined the lemma of the approved words in order to distinguish different forms of the word. After completing these steps, in order to check the reliability of the dictionaries of cognitive processes and affect and their subcategories, Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson 20 were calculated, and then to check the external validity, the equivalence of the Persian Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (P-LIWC) with the original English version of LIWC-22 was analyzed.
Results: The results showed that all categories of emotions and cognitive processes in the P-LIWC had a significant correlation with the final English version of LIWC-22 (p<0.01) and this tool has good validity and reliability.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that this software is used in a wide range of research fields and analysis of Persian texts and also can be used in the analysis of the texts and the treatment session of the people who refer to the psychological clinics.

Background: Despite the addition of a new diagnostic criterion indicating the degree of involvement in reckless or self-destructive behaviors for PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - Fifth Edition, research evidence indicates that a reliable and valid tool for assessing and diagnosing it has not been found to exist in Persian.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the posttrauma risky behaviors questionnaire.
Methods: The current research was an applied survey study based on a test construction methodology, following the common principles and techniques of psychometrics in a correlational research design. The statistical population for this research included all people with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in 2023 living in shiraz. A total of 520 participants (365 female and 155 male) were selected using the International Trauma Questionnaire (Cloitre et al., 2018) through convenience sampling Methods: They then completed the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire (Contractor et al., 2020), the Self-Harm Inventory (Sanson et al., 1998), and the self-destructive behaviors questionnaire (Aghamohammadian Shearbaf et al., 2013). Data analysis was done using SPSS₂₆ and AMOS₂₆ software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The confirmatory factorial analysis supported a one-factor model with desirable fit indices (X²/df= 3.239, GFI= 0.930, IFI= 0.924, CFI= 0.924, RMSEA= 0.066). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire was 0.85. The self-destructive behaviors questionnaire (31 items; r= 0.01, p< 0.660) and the Self-Harm Inventory (22 items; r= 0.01,
p< 0.532) showed a positive and significant correlation with the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the posttrauma risky behaviors questionnaire as a tool for comprehensive, brief, and one-dimensional assessment of reckless or self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, it can be used by researchers, therapists, and psychologists as a reliable and valid tool.

Background: From the beginning, the assessment of psychological structures was divided under two headings, one personality assessment and the other talent assessment. Therefore, measuring personality is not only effective in knowing people, but it is a fundamental and elementary topic in psychometric science.
Aims: The current research was conducted with the aim of building a personality assessment tool based on existing personality questionnaires based on big data gathered from indipendent data sets.
Methods: The researchers used the correspondence analysis technique in the data obtained from independent groups with 32 personality questionnaires were implemented on different groups on the web. 829,880 people voluntarily answered 1,766 questions. The sample was men and women who were able to answer a web questionnaire. Age and gender variables were considered as anchor variables. To determine the membership of each question, the cos2 index was the selection criterion. All analyzes were performed with R software.
Results: The results of the research showed that personality questionnaires have two dominant dimensions, the first dimension explains 60.5% of the total inertia variance and the second dimension explains 13.7% of the total variance (p<0.001). The first dimension was named "communication with people and things" and the second dimension was named "ignoring and avoiding".
Conclusion: In line with previous researches, two dominant dimensions were evaluated for personality questions and an algorithm of personality questions was obtained that can be used for premarital, clinical, career counseling, education and humanities research institutes. Many schools of psychology consider personality to have two dimensions.