Bachground: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Due to symptoms can lead to problems in the interpersonal relationships of the affected individuals, which can aggravate or relapse the disease. Therfore, Functional Analytic with emphasis on intimacy and interpersonsl problems, can improve symptoms and prevent recurrence of the disease. Aim: Therefore, The purpose of this study was the efficacy of functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) on Improving Depression and communication skill Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post design with control group. Therefore, 24 subjects were selected via accessible sampling from the clientele and divided into two groups. The tools used in this research were: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI,1996) and communication skill Questionnaire(CSQ,1983). Results: the results of covariance analysis indicated that the effect of experimental group had a significant effect on depression and  communication skills (sig 0.01). Conclusions: this suggests that  Functional Analytic Psychotherapy could reduce the depression and in communication skills in patient with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder.

Background: All theorists try to provide solid foundations for future actions in meeting strategic needs and combating inequalities in all areas by empowering women through the promotion of new ideas, training skills for activities in the economic sectors, raising the awareness of all members of the society of women roles (especially female-headed households), and improving their welfare, but the problem is that whether training some skills such as positivism can be effective in empowering these women? Aims: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on the quality of life, life expectancy, and social adjustment of female-headed households. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and two-month follow-up with control group. A sample of 50 women who met the inclusion criteria of the research were selected through convenience sampling and placed randomly into experimental (25 people) and control (25 people) groups. Group positive psychotherapy (Rashid, 2015) was administered on the experimental group at twelve 90-minute sessions once a week. In this research, the applied instruments were the quality of life scale (World health organization, 1993), the hope scale (Snyder and et al, 1991), and the social adjustment scale (Bell, 1961). Results: The findings confirmed the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on the quality of life (p=0/007), life expectancy (p=0/002), and social adjustment (p=0/0001) of female-headed households and also this effectiveness was stable in follow-up stage on the quality of life (p=0/005), life expectancy (p=0/002), and social adjustment (p=0/0001). Conclusions: positive therapy increased quality of life,   Life expectancy and   social adjustment of female-headed households. 

Background: Academic engagement is one of the effective variables in the field of education and learning, which is affected by various factors, but to what extent can cognitive ability, socioeconomic status and academic enthusiasm?  Aims: The present study was carried out to investigate the structural pattern of predicting academic engagement based on cognitive ability and socioeconomic status by mediating academic enthusiasm in high school students in the city of Rumshkan in 2017-2018. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all secondary school female students in the city of Rumshkan who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method (317 people). The used instruments included Reeve's (2013) academic engagement scale, Nejati's (2013) cognitive ability questionnaire, Fredericks et al (2004) academic enthusiasm inventory, and researcher-made socio-economic and demographic information questionnaire. The data were analyzed by  structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed significant direct effects of cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and academic enthusiasm on academic engagement as well as  significant  direct effects of cognitive ability and socioeconomic status on academic enthusiasm. Also,  cognitive ability and socioeconomic status had significant indirect effects on academic engagement by mediating academic enthusiasm. Also, results showed that the designed model by using the present study sample had appropriate model fit. Conclusions: Therefore, the mentioned structural pattern can predict the extent of students' academic engagement with regard to the variables of cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and academic enthusiasm.

Background: The principles and techniques of a new psychotherapeutic model for the treatment of psychological disorders, shortly named PTC (Paradox + Timetable = Cure), is introduced in this article. Aims: Evaluating the effectiveness of PTC model for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is another objective of the present article. Method: PTC is a very short-term psychotherapeutic model successfully used for the treatment of a wide range of psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma- and stress-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders and feeding and eating disorders (Besharat, 2017). The PTC therapy process and outcomes for a SAD patient is fully described in the present article. Results: Results of a three-session PTC therapy indicated that the treatment of the patient was successfully done. The result of a three-years follow-up showed that the therapeutic changes were satisfactory, stable and permanent, during which no relapse was happened. These results corroborated the deep and permanent effects of the PTC psychotherapeutic model in the shortest possible time. The influential mechanisms of “paradoxical timetable”, as the main PTC technique, and its adjustment to the treatment outcomes of the patient are also explained in the present article. Conclusion: The PTC psychotherapeutic model, as a very short-term, effective, efficient and yet economical approach is introduced and suggested for the treatment of SAD.

Background: The executive functions of the brain are important structures that are responsible for controlling consciousness, thinking and actions associated with psychological processes. Therefore, the research question is whether using short-term dynamic psychotherapy intervention, awareness and integration of these two can enhance executive functions. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ISTDP intervention program, awareness training and integration of these two executive functions. Method: The design of this quasi-experimental study was pre-test and post-test with the control group. The study population consisted of 9 female students in the ninth grade of district 4 of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year 2017 subjects were selected who, after the initial diagnostic interview, were identified as the best available sample to participate in the course. Subjects were randomly assigned into 3 experimental and 1 control groups. The research instrument was the London Shallis Tower Test (1982), Dynamic Dynamics Protocol (1995) and Cobt-Zain Consciousness Intervention (1990, 1990). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the analysis of pre-test and post-test scores between the two experimental and control groups showed that awareness training programs, istdp intervention program, and the combination of these two groups resulted in post-test and posttest scores in all three groups. Part of the integrated intervention was more than the other two interventions (p<0/05). Conclusions: Consolidated intervention had the most effect and the intervention of awareness had the least effect on the problem solving ability of the subjects. Although the effect of ISTDP-based intervention was more than body-awareness intervention, the difference between these two interventions was not statistically significant, while the difference between body-awareness and integrated intervention was statistically significant. 

Background: Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disease that is significantly associated with personal, social and economic injury. Various therapies such as laser acupuncture and short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy have been used in this area, but is the combination of these therapies more effective than either of them? Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture scanning and laser therapy on depression. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of this study consisted of people with major depressive disorder referring to New Vision Center in Tehran (2018-2019). 10 patients with major depressive disorder referred to New Vision Center were selected by random sampling. Research instruments included Beck Depression Inventory (1961) and revised Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R; Drogatis, 1975), short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy sessions (Davanlo, 1997), and laser medicine therapy. Traditional. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Both laser therapy and laser therapy combined with dynamic psychotherapy reduced depression (P<0/001). Conclusions: Laser acupuncture affects many neurotransmitters and transmitters in the central nervous system and is coupled with dynamic psychotherapy that helps to release emotions and bring them to consciousness. Depression helps. 

Background: As a debilitating clinical condition, if Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is untreated will turn to a chronic illness. Therefore, the treatment of BDD is considered as an urgent clinical need. Aims: Introduction of the principles and techniques of a new psychotherapeutic model for the treatment of psychological disorders, shortly named PTC (Paradox + Timetable = Cure), is one of the objectives if this paper. Evaluating the effectiveness of PTC model for the treatment of BDD is the second objective. Method: The present study is an evidence-based clinical case study. The PTC therapy process and outcomes for a 33-year old woman suffering from BDD is fully described in the present article. Results: Results of a five-session PTC therapy for the patient indicated that the treatment outcomes were completely successful. A 24- and 36-month follow-up also revealed that the therapeutic changes were stable and continued during which no relapse was happened. Treatment outcomes for the patient confirm the deep and permanent effects of the PTC psychotherapeutic model in the shortest possible time for the treatment of BDD. The influential mechanisms of “paradoxical timetable” and its adjustment to the treatment outcomes of the patient are explained in the present article. Conclusions: The PTC psychotherapeutic model, as a very short-term, simple, effective, efficient, and yet economical approach is introduced and suggested for the treatment of BDD.

Background: Various research have shown that positive psychotherapy has been effective on improving mental health indices among patients, but no research has investigated the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on subjective wellbeing of obese women with type 2 diabetes. Aims: The current research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on obese women with type 2 diabetes Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design-follow-up with the control group. The study population consisted of all obese women with type 2 diabetes, members of the Sanandaj Diabetes Association in 2019, which numbered 758 people. Forty patients were randomly selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 Person). The research tools were Rumi and et al.'s mental well-being questionnaire (2010) and positivist psychotherapy sessions (Rashid and Seligen, 2013). Data analysis was performed by variance analysis with repeated measurement and Bonfroni follow-up test. Results: Positive psychotherapy significantly increased the mental well-being of the subjects of the group undergoing intervention in the post-test and follow-up stages (p< 0/01). Also, therapeutic intervention was effective in increasing positive emotions and reducing negative emotions in patients (p< 0/01). Conclusions: Women who participated in positive psychotherapy sessions increased their mental well-being.

Background: Social Anxiety Disorder is considered as the most common disorder among the anxiety disorders that causes various psychological problems. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effective therapeutic interventions in order to reduce these problems.
Aims: The present study evaluated the efficacy of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on self-esteem, emotion regulation, and defense mechanisms in people suffering from social anxiety disorder.
Methods: A quasi-experimental desins of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population included all men with social anxiety disorder in Shiraz who had refered to the centers of counseling, and psychological services in 1399. For this purpose20 of them were purposefully selected, and randomly assigned to the experimental, and control groups. Participants completed the self-esteem questionnaire of Cooper-Smith (1967), defense styles of Andrews et al. (1993), and emotion regulation questionnaire of Gratz (2004) before treatment. Then the experimental group received treatment sessions in 2 sessions of 60 minutes per week in 15 sessions. At the end of treatment sessions, and 2 months later, all the participants in 2 groups of experiment, and control completed the study questionairs again.
Results: The results showed that ISTDP can increase self-esteem of people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01). This therapy can affect defense mechanisms of people suffering from social anxiety disorder in the way that mature defense mechanisms increase, and immature defense mechanisms decrease in these people(p<0.01). The findings also showed that ISTDP decreases emotion dysregulation in people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01).
Conclusion: It can be said that psychotherapists can use ISTDP to improve common emotional problems, self-esteem, and ineffctive defenses in people with social anxiety disorder

Background: Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a continuous effort to deeply experience emotions and feelings as a healing element. research has also shown the efficacy of (ISTDP) on Meatal Disorders. therefore according to the research background, there was a research gap in the field of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on burnout in the aviation industry.
Aims: The aim of this study was to to evaluate the efficacy of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Tehran air traffic control staff who experienced symptoms burnout.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The Statistical population included ATC in Tehran in 2019 all were tested by Saatchi and Hooman’s burnout questionnaires (2008), Out of 123 people identified in the screening, 30 participants whose burnout scores were higher than the cut-off point of 182 were selected for the study and in the next stage again by job stress 60 questions Osipow (1987), and a short form of quality scale of 26 questions of the WHOQLS- BREF (1996)Were evaluated and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group participated in 20 sessions of 90 minutes of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance test performed using SPSS 20
Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest in job stress, quality of life and self-efficacy. Experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(P <0.05)
Conclusion: Considering that Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is effective in reducing negative emotions and burnout, in air traffic control staff, it can be He did it on more examples and in a other society.

 Background: A large number of studies point to the widespread low level of subjective well-being in patients with coronary artery disease, especially in women. Although the Compassion-Focused Therapy has been an effective treatment in enhancing the ability to become sensitive to suffering along with trying to heal, the Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy also focuses on changing and modifying interpersonal relationships through positive therapeutic alliance; so, can the short-term IPT improve these patients' subjective well-being as well?
Aims: The present study tries to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy on Women's Subjective well-being suffering from coronary artery disease.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female patients referring to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of Afshar Hospital in Yazd. A total of 41 patients were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The instrument of this study was Keys and Magyarmo's (2003) Subjective Well-Being Scale For the first experiment group, the compassion-focused therapy (Gilbert, 2014, 2010), and for the second experiment group, the and interpersonal psychotherapy (Weissman, 2007) were delivered in groups and in eighat 90-minute sessions, but the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using the mixed variance analysis.
Results: The results showed that the CFT and IPT increased the subjective well-being and its components at the end of the intervention and the follow-up period (P <0/05). There was no difference between these two treatments in terms of increasing the subjective well-being in the women with coronary artery disease (p <0/05).
Conclusion: Considering its effects on subjective well-being, the IPT, alone or with a complementary treatment, can be effective in improving the subjective well-being in women with coronary artery disease.

Background: Psychological factors play a major role in people's desire for cosmetic surgery and its repetition. Based on this, psychological treatments such as schema therapy and positive therapies can be effective in improving these cognitive, psychological and behavioral roots. A review of the research literature indicates the necessity of conducting studies that compare the two mentioned treatments.
Aims: The present study aimed to the comparison of the efficacy of positivist psychotherapy and schema therapy on cognitive flexibility and physical self-esteem is performed in women seeking cosmetic surgery.
Methods: The present research is quasi-experimental with a Pretest-Posttest design which was performed with a control group. The statistical population was included all women applying for cosmetic surgery who referred to hospitals and clinics of cosmetic surgery in Borujerd in 2020. Among themes, 45 people were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. Positive psychotherapy was conducted in 14 sessions of 90 minutes and schema therapy in 9 sessions of 90 minutes for two months, and no training was applied to the control group. The present research instruments included cognitive flexibility (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) and physical self-esteem (Cash, 2012). The statistical method of this research was the multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that Positive psychotherapy and schema therapy improve cognitive flexibility and physical self-esteem in women seeking cosmetic surgery (p< 0.05), and their recovery rate is higher than the control group (p< 0.05).; but the two experimental groups were not significantly different (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that positive psychotherapy and schema therapy improves people's assessment of their physical appearance and increase people's perception of measuring, evaluating, and controlling the environment in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

 Background: Based on the evidence, Patients with coronary artery disease have unstable blood pressure and low action flexibility, which causes disease recurrence and increased risk of death. Based on previous studies, Interpersonal therapy can help treat disorders in chronic patients, However, there is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of this type of treatment on action flexibility and blood pressure of women with coronary artery disease.
Aims: The current study aims to determine the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy on action flexibility and blood- pressure in women with coronary artery disease.
Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up period (45 days). The statistical population of the study includes all female patients with coronary artery disease who had an appointment at the Cardiac Rehabilitation in Afshar Clinic of Yazd in 2021; 28 of them were selected in a targeted method and replaced by random assignment in the groups. Data collection tools include Action flexibility questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and sphygmomanometer. The data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis and SPSS₂₄ software.
Results: According to the results obtained, interpersona psychotherapy significantly affects the flexibility of patients' actions (P>0.05). Although this treatment had a significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the interventions, this effect was not effective in the follow-up stage (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, it seems, interpersonal psychotherapy improves the functional flexibility of coronary artery patients. Therefore, it is important for specialists to know about this treatment in order to improve the action flexibility and blood pressure of coronary artery patients.

Background: Individuals with gender dysphoria often face challenges, social discrimination, and difficulties in defining their own identity. The existing literature highlights the need for therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique psychological needs of this population. Unified group psychotherapy, which incorporates multiple therapeutic approaches, offers a promising solution to support individuals with gender dysphoria in exploring and affirming their identities and improving their positive self-concept and resilience. However, empirical research on the effectiveness of such interventions in addressing identity crises and improving self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria is still limited.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of unified group psychotherapy on identity crises and self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria.
Methods: The present research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all individuals with gender dysphoria in Isfahan province in the year 2022. Thirty individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15). The research instruments used in this study were the Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Ahmadi, 1999) and the Self-Perception Profile (Harter & Pike, 1984). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed to analyze the data using SPSS version 25.
Results: The results indicated that in both the identity crisis and self-concept variables, the psychotherapy group in the posttest phase showed significantly lower means compared to the control group (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that with the assistance of unified group psychotherapy, variables such as identity crisis and self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria can be influenced. This approach in this field can contribute valuable practical knowledge and experience to clinical practice and aid in improving therapeutic methods.

Background: Therapists have recognized that treatment must be tailored to the patient's unique personality and background. Psychotherapeutic and counseling approaches that do not consider cultural backgrounds may even put clients at risk. Therefore, cultural adaptation, a systematic process, is essential to tailor treatment to the cultural context of clients and should be implemented according to scientific models.
Aims: The present study aimed to conduct a narrative review of models and patterns of cultural adaptation in psychotherapy and counseling methods.
Methods: This research was conducted using a narrative review method. The research population included English books and articles published in databases including APAPsycNet, Google Scholar, PubMed with the keywords cultural adaptation, psychotherapeutic interventions, models, and methods in the time range (1990-2023) which were used based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: This paper reviews the literature on cultural issues in psychotherapeutic interventions as well as the definition and types of cultural adaptation, its essential components, and finally 8 cultural adaptation models including: 1. Ecological Validity Framework, 2. The Multidimensional Model for Understanding Culturally Responsive Psychotherapies, 3. Influence of Culture on Therapies, 4. Cultural Adaptation Process Model (CAPM), 5. Hybrid Prevention Program Model (HPPM), 6. Leong's Cultural Accommodation Model (CAM), 7. Selective and Directed Treatment Adaptation Framework, 8. Heuristic Framework (HF).
Conclusion: Cultural adaptation is a systematic process that should be carried out according to the principles and protocols established in scientific texts, and most experts call for a systematic and rigorous process. Cultural adaptation models address the modification of the process and content of treatments to increase engagement, acceptability, and congruence of treatment with the client's culture. This narrative review emphasizes the importance of cultural adaptation in psychotherapy and counseling. It explores existing models and frameworks to raise awareness in this field, particularly among Iranian professionals and researchers. By utilizing these models, practitioners can tailor interventions to better suit the cultural context of their clients, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of their services.

Background: Just as different forms of dynamic psychotherapy can be considered as an effective tool for the treatment of mental disorders, it can also have negative effects. However, despite various studies, there have been few qualitative studies on the negative effects of dynamic psychotherapies.Aims: The purpose of this qualitative research was to present a conceptual model of the negative effects of dynamic psychotherapies based on the characteristics of the therapist, the client, and the theraputice approach. Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and Grounded Theory method. The study population of the research included all dynamic psychotherapists in Tehran and those clients 2023 and 2024 who had used dynamic psychotherapy. The research sample consisted of 18 dynamic psychotherapists and 8 clients who were selected by purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in this research was semi-structured interviews. The data from the interviews were analyzed using the Strauss & Corbin method.Results: 17 axial codes including, primitive defense mechanisms of the client, quality of the parent-child relationship, client's personality traits, resistance to therapy, family structure disturbances, therapist's personality traits, therapist's professional errors, boundary violations, lack of professional competence, therapist's current life problems, non-objectivity of evaluation criteria in dynamic approaches, unstructured nature of dynamic therapies, exacerbation of symptoms, exacerbation of psychosomatic problems, intensification of self-destructive tendencies, and impairment of functioning, were identified as the components of the negative effects of dynamic psychotherapies, and finally, "interactive context of the therapist and client" was chosen as the central theme.Conclusion: it is suggested to evaluate the personality characteristics of therapists. It is also suggested that studies be conducted in order to investigate the interactive role of non-psychological treatments and dynamic therapies on the negative effects caused by psychotherapy