Showing 15 results for Affect
Mohammadali Besharat, Mahsa Saadati, Arezo Jabbari,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (8-2016)
Abstract
Intergenerational transmission is referred to transmission of behaviors, characteristics, and/or tendencies from one generation to the other. In this process, parents of one generation tend to repeat some of their psychological characteristics in their offsprings. The aim of the current study was to predict children’s affective temperament indices based on parental affective temperament characteristics. A total of 207 university students (146 females, 56 males, 5 anonymous) and their parents (207 Fathers, 207 mothers) in Tehran have been collected using convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to complete Positive and Negative Emotionality Scale (PNES). Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation, and mixed model. The results showed a significant correlation between parental and children's affective temperament indices (p<0.001). The results of mixed model revealed that parental affective temperament characteristics had the ability to predict children's affective temperament indices implying intergenerational transmission of positive and negative emotionality from parents to children (p<0.001). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that affective temperament characteristics can be transmitted from one generation to the other. Recognition of the intergenerational mechanisms not only predicts affective temperament characteristics of the next generation but also can prevent damaging features to be transmitted. It can be done by improving healthy characteristics performing educational-interventional programs.
Mohammadali Besharat, Sareh Tajdin, Mase'oud Gholamali Lavasani,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (5-2017)
Abstract
Attachment is a behavioral system formed to regulate proximity of the child to the parent or the primary care-giver when danger or anxiety to increase his/her chance of survival. It is supposed that different attachment styles are related to marital conflicts in different ways, and there are many factors that can influence the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts. The present study aims to examine the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation on the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts. A total of 270 married adults (145 men, 125 women) participated in the present study. Participants were asked to complete Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation, and path analysis. The results reveal that avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation had significant positive association with marital conflicts (p< 0.001), but there was no significant association between secure attachment style and marital conflicts. The results of the path analysis demonstrated that difficulty in emotion regulation plays a mediating role on the relation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with marital conflicts (p <0.001). Based on the findings of the present study it can be concluded that people with insecure attachment styles have problem in establishing interpersonal relationships, especially with their spouse’s; problems which are partly influenced by difficulty in emotion regulation and management.
Mohammadali Besharat, Marjan Hosseinizadeh, Asghar Aghamohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 67 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases are among rare genetic illnesses which are a part of the chronic somatic diseases and negatively effect parents and the other family members. The research question is that why some parents of this group of patients have difficulties to adjust to such an stressful situation, while others are easily adjusted. Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of parental affective and cognitive characteristics in predicting levels of their adjustment to their children`s primary immunodeficiency disease. Method: In a correlational study 111 parents (68 mother, 43 father), whose children had been diagnosed with one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases types participated in this research. Participants completed the Adjustment to Illness Scale (AIS; 2001), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; 1988), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; 2006). Results: Both adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies as well as negative affects could significantly predict parent’s adjustment to their children's illness (p<.05). The findings did not support the significant relation between positive affect and parent’s adjustment. Conclusions: It can be concluded that cognitive characteristics have a determinate influence on parent’s adjustment to their children's illness.
Narges Zainali, Gholamali Afrooz, Masoud Gholamalilavasani, Sogand Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 67 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: According to research, adolescents' changes can have great effects on adolescents, and they are prone to emotional distress and anxiety. The issue is whether the relationship between the parents with each other and the child is effective in reducing the symptoms of emotional disturbances in adolescents. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of familyـbased psychological intervention program on the affective disorders symptoms in adolescent children with dual career parents Method: The research method is quasiـexperimental and technically applied researches such as disparate twoـgroup design with pre ـ test and postـtest, with the control group and after initial screening of affective disorders in adolescent children of dual ـ career Parents; A total of 30 parents working, in a governmental organization, with at least one child aged 11ـ16 years and affective disorders symptoms, were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups, and the experimental group under the psychological intervention program (consist of 12 sessions of group training 90 minutes each session, once a week). The control group did not receive any interventions during this period. The instruments of this research were Demographic Self-Made Questionnaire (2017), Needs Assessment and Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach (1991). Data analysis was done by repeated ـ measures MANCOVA. Results: The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: In this sense، the familyـbased psychological intervention program, reduced the affective disorders symptoms in adolescent children with dual career parents and these results were sustained in the quarterly followـup.
Golnar Amirtahmaseb, Fariborz Bagheri, Khadijeh Abolmaali,
Volume 17, Issue 69 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background: The family is the first and most durable factor that has been known as the constructor of the character of the next child's behaviors. Aims: The objective of present research is to study the effectiveness of positive parenting style on affective-behavioral difficulties of primary school children with learning disorders. Method: The present research design is from semi-experimental type. Statistical population of this research consists of all students with learning disability in primary level referring to Araman Counseling Center in 2017 in order to recover from this problem. Sample includes 39 students who were selected purposefully, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and divided randomly to two groups each including 16 students; they were evaluated pre and post intervention, by research tool. The research tool was Rotter’s affective-behavioral problems checklist. Research data was analyzed by mixed analysis of variance. Results: Data analysis results showed that, in 3 stages of evaluation, th ere were significant differences between violence and hyperactivity, anxiety and depression, social incompatibility and antisocial behavior averages of participants according to their membership in positive parenting style and control group(P<0/05). Conclusions: So, we may conclude that positive parenting style influences affective-behavioral problems of primary school children with learning disorders.
Sharareh Erfanmanesh, Pouya Heydari, Rahil Shamsaee, Sadegh Bay, Nahid Afshari,
Volume 18, Issue 75 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: research refers to increasing number of couple referred to psychotherapy to treat emotional relationships and adjustment problems through couple therapy based on admission and commitment and emotional focused couple therapy. But could we compare the effectiveness of these therapies? One of the common reasons these days are referred to psychiatrists and psychologists is the problem of marriage and emotional relationships between spouses and therapist couples for this reason, it has become a very popular mental health professional common. Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Couple therapy based on admission and commitment and excitement therapy couple on stress and cohesion and improvement of adjustment in Tehran’s wives in 2019. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of spouses who referred to family counseling clinics in Tehran. Thirty couples were selected by purposive non-random sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 couples each). The research tools were Spinier Adjustment questionnaire (1976), Antonovsky’s Consistency scale (1993) and Lovibond Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 (1995). Two treatment protocols for the two experimental groups were performed in eight 90-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using covariance. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy were significantly effective on stress, cohesion and improvement of adjustment in spouses. Conclusions: interventions and protocols in counseling settings were effective for both treatment.
Dariush Esfandiyari Bayat, Ismaeel Asadpour, Farshad Mohsenzadeh, Abdolrahim Kasaee,
Volume 20, Issue 97 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background: Marital infidelity has increased in recent decades. The psychological disorders occur following the non-forgiveness of women who have experienced husbands’ infidelity. Therefore, it is important to address the most effective therapeutic interventions to increase forgiveness in women affected by infidelity. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine comparison of the effectiveness of training based on rational, emotional and behavioral therapy (REBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on forgiveness of women affected by marital infidelity. Method: In this research, quasi experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group design was used. From all the women with husbands’ infidelity who referred to two counseling centers and a psychiatric office in Shiraz, 30 women were selected and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 each). The two experimental groups received Rational, Emotional and Behavioral therapy (REBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed the Forgiveness Questionnaire (FQ) in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Results: The results showed that the two treatments increase forgiveness (p<0/01) and neither is superior to the other (p> 0/05). Conclusions: Therefore It can be concluded that in despite of the difference between content and process of the two approaches of rational-emotional-behavioral therapy (REBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), it seems that elements such as emotional discharge, hope and universal experience which are things that are common to both therapies, are the factors that could have influence on the rise of forgiveness, and therapists can use both treatment approaches equally to increase forgiveness in women affected by infidelity.
Fakhrisadat Hosseini, Esmaeil Saadipour, Fariborz Dortaj, Siavash Talepasand, Asghar Minai,
Volume 20, Issue 105 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have examined academic Enthusiasm. But research on developing a structural model for predicting mathematical enthusiasm based on Math self-schemas and Math Affective Memories mediated by task value and Ability/expectancy Beliefs has been neglected.
Aims: The present research aimed to study Structural Relationship between Math affective memories and Math self-schemas with Math Enthusiasm by Mediating Role of Ability/expectancy beliefs and Task.
Methods: This study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling in which500 female students in 11th grade studying mathematics and science courses were selected from Tehran through multi- stages clustering method. All subjects completed affective memory, task cost, math enthusiasm questionnaires and Data were analyzed using structural model and path analysis tests.
Results: According to results, negative memory had negative effects on ability-expectancy beliefs and positive memory had positive effects on (P>0/01). Negative memory had effects on math task value directly (P>0/01) as well as indirectly (P>0/01) with mediating role of ability-expectancy beliefs. Positive memory had effects on task value with mediation role of ability-expectancy beliefs directly and indirectly (P>0/01). Ability -expectancy beliefs had effect on task value directly (P>0/05). Positive and negative memories had effects on math enthusiasm directly and indirectly (P>0/01). The direct relationship between Math self-schemas, Math task value and Math ability-expectancy beliefs with math enthusiasm was not significant (P>0/05).
Conclusion: negative or positive memory had significant effect on math enthusiasm Also, Math self-schemas and Math Affective Because of ability-expectancy beliefs Affect of Math task value. Applied inspirations of findings were discussed.
Leila Barzegary Ahmadabad, Ali Issazadegan, Esmail Soleimani, Afsaneh Moradi,
Volume 22, Issue 122 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Transcranial direct electrical stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation stimulation technique with good tolerance and no side effects in the treatment and improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which effectively modulates cortical excitability. However, there is still no strong and sufficient evidence for the use of this treatment method in adolescents with obsessibe- compulsive disorder.
Aims: The present study was aimed at the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the Self-conscious Affections of Shame and Guilt and the disgust sensitivity of Adolescents with obsessibe- compulsive disorder.
Methods: In this research, the experimental method was used as a single case method with a continuous measurement design and different subjects. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to Yas Counseling Center in Tabriz in 1400, and 4 of them were selected by purposive sampling and based on the protocol of Green et al (2020) they underwent ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation twice in a week for 20 minutes each time. Subjects in the baseline stages, the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and one-month follow-up sessions with disgust sensitivity scale (Heidet, McCauley, and Rosin, 1994), guilt questionnaire (Kugler and Fons, 1992) and shame questionnaire (Cohen, Wolff, Penter and Insko, 2011) were evaluated. For data analysis, a visual drawing method, reliable change index, percentage of recovery, and percentage of non-overlapping data were used.
Results: The results showed that transcranial direct electrical stimulation has a significant effect on reducing feelings of shame and guilt and disgust sensitivity in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (RCI≥1/96), and the therapeutic effects are maintained in the follow-up phase.
Conclusion: Adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were treated with transcranial direct electrical stimulation experienced less shame and guilt and less disgust sensitivity. It is recommended to use this method in the treatment of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Neda Varghaei, Ghorban Fathi Aghdam, Mojtaba Amiri Majd, Loghman Ebrahimi,
Volume 22, Issue 130 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Studies show that after the breach of contract is revealed and the complexity of the damages caused by it, high emotional irritability in people leads to an irreparable immediate reaction and affects the functioning of the family.
Aims: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of commitment and acceptance therapy on emotional irritability and, family functioning in women affected by infidelity.
Methods: The method of this research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women affected by a breach of contract who were referred to the prevention department of the Judiciary of Zanjan city (2021). Generally, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling based on the entry criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental (15 n) and control (15 n) groups.
Results: The data collection tool in the present study included the emotional excitability (Brithwaite, 1987), and the family functioning scale (Epstein et al., 1983). Eight 90-minute commitment and acceptance therapy sessions were the experimental group. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis in SPSS23.
Conclusion: The findings from the one-way covariance analysis showed that the treatment based on commitment and acceptance caused a significant decrease in the average scores of the post-test of emotional irritability and an increase in the average scores of the post-test of family functioning in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings indicate significant changes in the components of irritability and family functioning. Therefore, psychotherapists who work with a therapeutic approach based on commitment and acceptance.
Mohammad Kalthom, Parisa Darouei, Amir Ghamarani,
Volume 23, Issue 138 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that the Syrian war has significantly impacted the mental health of children, leading to increased levels of stress and anxiety. Various studies indicate that stress and anxiety levels can be modified using art therapy and psychological interventions. However, the utilization of art therapy grounded in psychological interventions for addressing the repercussions of war on Syrian children remains underexplored.
Aims: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an art therapy intervention based on the coping cat program in reducing the fear of failure in children affected by the Syrian war and experiencing secondary traumatic stress (STS).
Methods: The current study utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (3 months) measurements, involving a sample of Syrian children aged 10–12 exposed to the war. From this population, 153 children who had relocated to the city of Salamieh due to the war were assessed using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (Bride et al., 2004). Out of these, 44 children with higher symptom scores were selected, and, based on entry and exit criteria, 20 of them were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 children: the experimental group (Expressive Art Therapy) and the control group. The art therapy intervention sessions used the Art Therapy Based on Coping Cat Program (Kalthom et al., 2023), and data was collected using the Performance Failure Apprehension Inventory (PFAI) questionnaire (Conrow et al., 2002). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the SPSS 26 software.
Results: The result of this research demonstrated that art therapy based on Coping Cat Program significantly reduced fear of failure and its dimensions (fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment, fear of loss of self-esteem, fear of an unknown future, fear of losing the love of important people, and fear of upsetting important people) in Syrian children (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that art therapy based on Coping Cat Program can reduce the levels of fear of failure and its sub-dimensions in children affected by the war, and it is recommended to replicate the experiment with a larger sample of war-affected children for further validation.
Farzaneh Najjar Hejrani, Fakhrossadat Ghoreyshi Rad, Hasan Bafandeh Gharamaleki,
Volume 24, Issue 149 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Previous studies showed that mothers with children with autism disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are different from mothers of normal children in terms of personality traits, theory of mind and family functioning, However, no research was found that simultaneously compared the variables of family functioning, theory of mind, and affective neurotic personality personality in these mothers.
Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing family functioning affective neurotic Personality and theory of mind in mothers with children with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal children.
Methods: The current research method was descriptive, causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research included all mothers with children with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal children in Tabriz city. Among them, 45 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Also, a sample of 45 people was selected from among mothers with normal children studying in the elementary level of normal schools in Tabriz city in the academic year of 2021-2022, after matching the age, using the purposeful sampling method. In order to collect data, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (Panksepp, 1998), Questionnaire theory of mind (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al., 1950) was used. One-way and multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-24 software were used for data analysis.
Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a difference between mothers with children with autism, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and normal mothers in terms of the components of fear, care, and spirituality. Also, there is a difference between mothers in terms of theory of mind variables and overall family functioning. (P< 0.05). Also, in other components of affective neurotic Personality (search, anger, play, sadness, social) and family functioning (problem solving, roles, Affective Responsiveness, Communication, Affective Involvement and behavior control) there is a difference between mothers with children with autism disorder, ADHD and normal children were not observed.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that educational workshops be held by psychologists for mothers with children with autism, ADHD and normal children to improve the functioning of the family and its components and increase the theory of mind.
Doctoral Student Zahra Mostadam, Dr Ali Rezaeisharif, Dr Ahmadreza Kiani, Dr Esmaeel Sadri,
Volume 24, Issue 149 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Self-harming behaviors among adolescents, particularly in relation to cyberspace, have become prevalent in recent years, causing numerous challenges. Therefore, examining this issue and striving to enhance adolescent well-being requires a comprehensive and deep understanding of self-harming behaviors in cyberspace, tailored to the environmental and cultural conditions of each country. Although the rise in self-harming behaviors in cyberspace has gained attention over the past year, very few studies have been conducted on this critical topic in Iran..
Aims: This study aimed to design a model of factors influencing self-harming behaviors in cyberspace: an exploratory mixed-method study.
Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) in an exploratory manner across two phases. In the first phase (qualitative section), triangulation was employed to identify self-harming behaviors in cyberspace. The statistical population of this phase included experts in treating psychological disorders caused by cyberspace, such as psychologists, counselors, and related specialists in Tehran. Purposeful sampling was used, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the results were utilized to design the initial tool (questionnaire). In the second phase (quantitative section), the tool developed based on the qualitative findings consisted of a questionnaire focusing on personal information and self-harming behaviors in cyberspace, which was distributed online across Iran. The statistical population of this phase included parents, teachers, counselors, and specialists related to the research area. Convenience sampling was used, and questionnaires from 400 participants were selected after initial evaluations for final analysis. Data from the quantitative section were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with the SmartPLS 3.8 software.
Results: The study revealed that self-harming behaviors in cyberspace can be categorized into two main dimensions: individual or psychological factors and social factors. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the data confirmed the goodness-of-fit of the two-dimensional model of self-harming behaviors in cyberspace. Additionally, a positive and significant correlation was observed between the dimensions of individual/psychological factors and social factors influencing self-harming behaviors in cyberspace (P< 0.05), indicating appropriate concurrent validity of the tool. The reliability of the tool was also confirmed, with Cronbach’s alpha for both dimensions exceeding 0.7, indicating satisfactory reliability.
Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a foundation for identifying, assessing, and managing self-harming behaviors in cyberspace among Iranian adolescents, as well as improving self-harming behaviors in cyberspace among high school girls.
Maryam Karimi, Hassan Khoshakhlagh, Elham Foroozandeh, Mohammad Zare Neyestanak,
Volume 24, Issue 153 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background: The phenomenon of marital infidelity is a painful experience for the partner, which is associated with decreased psychological health and can lead to suffering and fear of intimacy
Aims: The study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of an intervention programs for extramarital relationships based on emotion-focused therapy(EREFT) and cognitive behavioral couple therapy(CBCT) on the perception of suffering and fear of intimacy in women affected by infidelity.
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all women affected by infidelity who were referred to Tohid, Ershad, and Zeytoon counseling centers in Isfahan. Using convenience sampling, 45 women were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 women in each group). The first experimental group was given an intervention program EREFT (Karimi et al., 1403), and the second experimental group was given CBCT (Gorjian-Mahlabani et al., 1402) in 9 sessions, 90 minutes once a week. Research tools included the Perception of Distress Scale (Schulz et al., 2010) and the Fear of Intimacy Scale (Deschottner & Thelen, 1991). The repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings of the study showed that both interventions were effective on the perception of suffering and fear of intimacy in women affected infidelity (p<0.001), but the intervention program EREFT showed greater effectiveness on the perception of suffering and fear of intimacy in women affected by infidelity (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that, given the greater effectiveness of the intervention program EREFT, this treatment method can be used as a selective treatment to reduce the psychological problems of women affected by infidelity.
Mesar Saedi Rahimhossinkhosro, Behnaz Mohajeran,
Volume 25, Issue 160 (6-2026)
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the role of the mediator variable of motivation on the impact of factors affecting academic enthusiasm and sense of belonging to the school of Arabic students in secondary schools in Al-Muthanna city from the perspective of Arabic teachers.
Background: The statistical population of this study included all Arabic teachers in high schools in the city of Al-Muthanna in Iraq. Considering that the total number of Arabic teachers is estimated to be 377, 190 teachers were selected as the research sample using the Morgan-Freeman table and cluster random sampling method, and 190 questionnaires were distributed and collected among them.
Results: The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 for descriptive statistics and Smart-PLS version 4 for structural equation analysis.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the relationship with the school affects motivation (t=2.25); the teacher's relationship with students affects motivation (t=2.47); motivation affects the feeling of belonging to the school (t=7.31); motivation affects academic enthusiasm (t=22.77); encouraging students affects motivation (t=6.14); the physical environment of the school affects motivation (t=2.77); and academic success affects motivation (t=2.24).
