Motivational interview is a referential and guidance approach to reinforce and enhance the intrinsic motivation for change through discovery, identification of solving doubt and ambivalence. Among the factors that have attracted more attention from researchers in the field of motivational interviewing are problem solving styles and self-efficacy that these variables have been less studied in female students. The aim of present paper is to study the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the academic self-efficacy and problem solving of female students [ninth grade of high school] in Kerman. The statistical population of this paper includes the female students of this educational grade. Of this number, 30 of them were randomly selected and they were divided into two groups as control and test ones [about 15 individuals for each of them]. These two groups [before and after the learning process] answered two questionnaires "Heppner’s problem solving [1998]" and "Morgan’s academic self-efficacy [1997]", respectively. For the test group, how to fulfill the motivational interviewing was done in four weekly sessions [about two hours] and the control group did not receive any plan. For data analysis, the statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, average, mean, standard deviation, co-variance analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and co-variance analysis were used. The results showed that learning the motivational interviewing affected meaningful in level of p<0.05 on problem solving of female student [of this educational grade] and also the learning process of motivational interviewing has positive effect on academic self-efficacy of female student.

Substance use disorder is one of the most common and chronic disorders that causes a great burden for the patient and the society. The aim of present study was to examine the predicting role of alexithymia and perceived social support in medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment of substance use disorder. One hundred and eighty substance abuser was selected conveniencely and was assigned to three groups of medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment randomly. Participants were asked to complete The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PSSS-12) and Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) before treatment. After treatment forty five, thirty nine and forty five participants was remain in each groups, respectively.Method of the both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation and regression analysis. Result show that alexithymia can predict medicinal treatment whereas cannot predict motivational and combined treatment after three and six months. Also perceived social support can predict medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment after three and six months. Considering these variable can be effective in preventing, diagnosis and treatment of addiction.

 Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect the quality of life in individuals with this illness by posing numerous nervous disorders. Clearly, there is a gap in studying the efficacy of educational programs about pain self-efficacy and distresses tolerance in patients with MS. Aims: In this study, the aim was to investigate the difference between the efficiency of mindfulness-based group therapy and motivational interviewing efficiency regarding pain self-efficacy and distresses tolerance in patients with MS. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a control group pre-test, post-test, and follow up design. The population included all patients with MS who were referred to Shahid Vafaee center in Boroujen, Iran, by 2019. Among the 138 patients with MS, a total of 36 were selected through convenience sampling and placed in the experimental and control group via using the random assignment method. An intervention program (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992) associated with mindfulness-based group therapy was held for 12 sessions, each session lasted 90 min. For the experimental group, the researcher held 12 sessions of 90 minutes using motivational interviewing group therapy (David Rosengren, 2005). The instruments used in this study were the pain self-efficacy questionnaire (Nikolas, 2007) and the distress tolerance questionnaire (Simons and Gaher, 2005). To perform data analysis, an analysis of variance on repeated measure design was used via SPSS software version 22. Results: It was found that both the mindfulness-based group therapy and the motivational interviewing group therapy were significantly correlated with the pain self-efficacy variable (p=0.002). Another significant association was also found between the distresses tolerance variable and both mindfulness-based group therapy and the motivational interviewing group therapy (p=0.001). Yet, there was seen no significant difference between the efficiency of mindfulness-based group therapy and that of the motivational interviewing group therapy in the pain self-efficacy and distresses tolerance of patients with MS. The present study showed that both mindfulness-based group therapy and motivational interviewing group therapy improve the rate of pain self-efficacy and distress tolerance in MS patients. Throughout the process of mindfulness- and motivational interviewing group therapy, patients learn to become aware of their mental processes through behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive strategies. Such a process also helps them improve their pain self-efficacy and distresses tolerance. Conclusions: the mindfulness-based group therapy and the motivational interviewing group therapy can effectively influence the pain self-efficacy, tolerance, distresses tolerance, and experiential avoidance of patients with MS.

Background: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurocognitive disorder that typically manifests early in life due to various causes. As a lifelong condition, it can diminish the affected individual’s abilities and exert significant psychological stress, particularly on mothers of children diagnosed with this disorder.
Aims: The objective of the current research was to examine the impact of motivational interviewing on enhancing marital satisfaction and self-efficacy among mothers who have children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.
Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental design, incorporating pretests, posttests, and follow-up, along with a control group. The research population comprised all mothers of children with cerebral palsy who attended the educational and rehabilitation centers for the physically and motor impaired in Kermanshah in the year 2021. Out of the entire population, 26 mothers who patronized the specified centers were chosen based on their willingness to participate and were then randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Data collection involved the use of Olson’s Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989) and Sherer’s General Self-Efficacy Scale (1982). Participants in the experimental group participated in group counseling sessions that employed Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques (Miller & Rollnick, 2006), consisting of ten 90-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests in SPSS software, version 24.
Results: The findings indicated that motivational interviewing significantly improved the overall scores of marital satisfaction and self-efficacy among mothers with children who have cerebral palsy, with p-values less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.
Conclusion: The study’s results suggest that motivational interviewing has a positive effect on enhancing marital satisfaction and self-efficacy in mothers of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Background: inability to adherence treatment is a general and special health problem in the treatment of elderly people with diabetes. therapies Studies have reported on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, motivational interviewing by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these in elderly people with diabetes has been overlooked.
Aims: the aim of this study to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy & motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.
Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test with control group. The statistical population consist of all elderly diabetics were living at home and living in nursing homes in Tehran in 1400. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 75 people were selected and replaced in 5 groups of 15 people (60 people in 4 experimental groups and 15 people in a control group). Research tools include; The Adherence to treatment questionnaire Seyed Fatemi (1970), cognitive behavioral therapy protocols (Younk et al., 2011) and motivational interview by Miller and Rolink (2019). The data were analyzed using the statistical test of Analysis of covariance with repeated measures and Benferroni test.
Results: The results showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interview had a significant effect on adherence to treatment scores in the post-test. The effect of the group was different according to the measurement time levels. The experimental intervention led to changes in the experimental group, which was 0.47 of the total changes caused by the experimental procedure (p< 0.01). Considering that the average of the motivational interview group was higher than the cognitive behavioral therapy, then motivational interviewing was more effective in increasing the adherence to treatment of elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.
Conclusion: Both cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing can improve adherence to treatment in nursing home and home-dwelling elderly with diabetes. The mentioned findings can help therapists to choose the type of treatment.