fa اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر طرحواره بر اجتناب شناختی و علائم اختلال اضطراب فراگیر تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">زمینه:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> بروز اختلال اضطراب فراگیر، فرآیندهای روانشناختی، شناختی، ارتباطی و اجتماعی افراد را با آسیب جدی مواجه ساخته و اجتناب شناختی آن&shy;ها را کاهش می‌دهد. اما آیا درمان مبتنی بر طرحواره به کاهش اجتناب شناختی افراد مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر کمک می‌کند؟</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">هدف:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر طرحواره بر اجتناب شناختی و علائم اختلال اضطراب فراگیر انجام گرفت.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">روش:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> روش پژوهش، نیمه آزمایشی به شیوۀ پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پیگیری 45 روزه با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی افراد دارای اختلال اضطراب فراگیر مراجعه کننده به 40 مرکز مشاوره روانشناختی منطقه 18 شهر تهران در سال 1402 بودند که از بین آن‌ها 34 نفر از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش تحت طرحواره درمانی (یانگ، 1990) به مدت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه&shy;ای قرار گرفت. همۀ شرکت کنندگان توسط مقیاس اختلال اضطراب فراگیر (اسپیتزر و همکاران، 2006) و پرسشنامه اجتناب شناختی (سکستون و داگاس، 2008) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها از طریق نرم افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SPSS-24</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> و آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر تحلیل شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">یافته &shy;ها:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> نتایج حاکی از اثربخشی طرحواره درمانی بر کاهش اجتناب شناختی (01/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">p<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">) و علائم اختلال اضطراب فراگیر (01/0 </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">p<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">) و ماندگاری تأثیر آن در دوره پیگیری بود (01/0 </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">p<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که درمان مبتنی بر طرحواره با بهره گیری از فنونی همچون آزمون</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">اعتبار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">طرحواره، چالش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">افکار اضطرابی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">فاجعه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">بار، ایفای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">نقش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">و مواجهه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">پیشگیری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">پاسخ، دارای کارآیی بالینی مناسبی در جهت کاهش اجتناب شناختی و علائم اضطراب فراگیر به شمار می‌رود.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Background:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder severely damages individuals&#39; psychological, cognitive, communication and social processes and reduces their cognitive avoidance. But does schema-based therapy help decrease cognitive avoidance in people with generalized anxiety disorder?</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Aims:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">schema-based therapy on cognitive avoidance and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.</span></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Methods:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">stage by control group. The study population included all people with<b> </b>generalized<b> </b>anxiety disorder referred to 40 psychological counseling centers in the 18th district of Tehran in 2023 which among those 34 cases were selected through available sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received schema therapy (Young, 2008)</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">sessions for eight</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">90-minutes sessions. All participants were assessed by the generalized anxiety disorder scale (Spitzer et al, 2006) and cognitive avoidance questionnaire</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Sexton</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">& Dugas, 2008). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software and MANOVA with repeated<i> </i>measure test.</span></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Results: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The results indicated the effectiveness of schema therapy</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">on reducing cognitive avoidance and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p< 0.01)</span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and maintaining its effectiveness in the follow-up stage (p< 0.01).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that schema-based therapy</span></span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">utilizes techniques such as</span></span></span><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Schema validity testing, challenging anxious and catastrophic thoughts, role playing, and exposure and response prevention, and has appropriate clinical efficacy to decrease cognitive avoidance and Symptoms of generalized anxiety.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; درمان مبتنی بر طرحواره, اجتناب شناختی, علائم, اختلال اضطراب فراگیر Schema-based therapy, cognitive avoidance, symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder 187 203 http://psychologicalscience.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2655-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Marzieh Makhdoomi مرضیه مخدومی makhdoomi.m62@yahoo.com 4051686337 100319475328460044933 No Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran. دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، تنکابن، ایران، Shahnam Abolghasemi شهنام ابوالقاسمی sh.abolghasemi@iau.ac 6279360180 100319475328460044934 Yes Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran. دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، تنکابن، ایران. Ali Khane Keshi علی خانه کشی alikh2447@gmail.com 0453760589 100319475328460044935 No Department of Psychology,Islamic Azad University, Behbahan Branch, Behbahan, Iran. استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.