fa ساخت و بررسی ویژگی های روان سنجی مقیاس مفهوم احترام در کودکان تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">زمینه:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">مفهوم احترام یکی از ارزش‌های اساسی در تربیت و رشد اجتماعی است که در سیاست‌ها، برنامه‌های آموزشی و محیط‌های کاری مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با وجود توافق عمومی بر اهمیت احترام، تحقیقات موجود بیشتر بر بزرگسالان متمرکز بوده و کمتر به مفهوم‌سازی و سنجش احترام در کودکان پرداخته شده است. به‌ویژه در کودکان 10 تا 12 ساله، که در مرحله‌ی کلیدی رشد شناختی و اخلاقی قرار دارند، ابزارهای روان‌سنجی معتبر و استاندارد برای بررسی این مفهوم به ندرت توسعه یافته‌اند.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Zar""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">هدف:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی ویژگی های روان&shy;سنجی پرسشنامه مفهوم احترام در کودکان بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">روش:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span majalla="" sakkal="" style="font-family:">&ndash;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی دانش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">آموزان 10 تا 12 ساله، شهر کرمانشاه در سال تحصیلی 1403-1402 بود. برای انتخاب نمونه از روش نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">گیری تصادفی خوشه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">ای استفاده شد و از بین جامعه هدف، 350 نفر به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">عنوان نمونه انتخاب و به مقیاس محقق ساخته احترام پاسخ دادند. جهت تجزیه‌ و تحلیل داده&shy;ها از تحلیل عامل اکتشافی و تاییدی با استفاده از نرم افزارهای </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">smat PLS 4, SPSS-26</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">AMOS-24</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">یافته&shy; ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که مقیاس مفهوم احترام همسانی درونی قابل قبولی دارد (886/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&alpha;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)؛ میزان همبستگی بین دو بار اجرای این مقیاس 873/0 بود (01/0 </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">). همچنین نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که الگوی تک عاملی این مقیاس برازش مطلوبی دارد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:#a42898">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">مقیاس مفهوم احترام کودکان در ایران از ویژگی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">های روان</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">سنجی مطلوبی برخوردار است و می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">&lrm;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">توان از این ابزار در بررسی مفاهیم مربوط به احترام در کودکان استفاده کرد.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Background:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The concept of respect is one of the fundamental values in education and social development, which has been emphasized in policies, educational programs, and workplace environments. Despite the general consensus on the importance of respect, existing research has primarily focused on adults and has paid less attention to the conceptualization and measurement of respect in children. Specifically, in children aged 10 to 12, who are at a critical stage of cognitive and moral development, valid and standardized psychometric tools to assess this concept have rarely been developed.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Aims:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire on the concept of respect in children.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Methods:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The present study was descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population consisted of all students aged 10 to 12 years in the city of Kermanshah during the 2022-2023 academic year. A cluster random sampling method was employed to select the sample, and 350 individuals were chosen from the target population to respond to the researcher-developed respect scale. For data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using the software Smart PLS 4, SPSS-26, and AMOS-24<b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Results:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The results of the study indicated that the respect concept scale has acceptable internal consistency (&alpha;= 0.886). The correlation between the two administrations of the scale was 0.873<br> (p< 0.01). Additionally, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the unidimensional model of the scale exhibited a good fit (p= 0.001).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#a42898">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The children&rsquo;s concept of respect scale in Iran possesses desirable psychometric properties and can be utilized as a tool for examining concepts related to respect in children.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; احترام, ویژگی روان‌سنجی, کودکان Respect, psychometric properties, children. 53 66 http://psychologicalscience.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2896-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 parvaneh Karimi پروانه کریمی Karimi.Parvaneh@razi.ac.ir 3258498581 100319475328460042488 No PhD student of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. jahangir karami جهانگیر کرمی j.karami@razi.ac.ir 3290681920 100319475328460042489 Yes Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Khodamorad Momeni خدامراد مومنی kh.momeni@razi.ac.ir 3325998371 100319475328460042490 No Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran استاد گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.