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Volume 24, Issue 147 (5-2025)
Journal of Psychological Science 2025, 24(147): 21-41 |
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Salehi B, Kimiaei S A, Amin Yazdi S A, Kareshki H. (2025). Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotional Safety Training and Its Enrichment with Self-Compassion on Self-Esteem, Attachment, and Social-Emotional Competence in Housewives. Journal of Psychological Science. 24(147), 21-41.
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2489-en.html
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2489-en.html
Counselling and Education Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran , kimiaee@um.ac.ir
Abstract: (719 Views)
Background: Within the framework of the housewife role, society often expects housewives to exhibit passive, emotional, obedient, and self-sacrificing behaviors. These expectations become internalized over time and adversely impact the social health, communication skills, and self-esteem of housewives in social relationships. However, no study has yet conducted a comparative examination of emotional safety training and its enrichment with self-compassion on self-esteem, attachment, and social-emotional competence in housewives.
Aims: The present study aimed to comparing the effectiveness of emotional safety training and its enrichment with self-compassion on self-esteem, attachment, and social-emotional competence in housewives.
Methods: This research method was a was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all housewives in Mashhad city in 2023, of which 45 women were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of 15 including two experimental groups and a control group. The first and second experimental groups were subjected to training based on emotional safety training (Catherall, 2006) and emotional safety enrichment with self-compassion (salehi, 2023) during twelve 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. Questionnaires for self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), attachment (Collins and Read, 1990) and social-emotional competence (Zhou and Ee, 2012) were completed in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and SPSS version 22 software.
Results: The findings showed that both emotional safety trainings and emotional safety enriched with self-compassion significantly enhanced self-esteem, attachment, and social-emotional competence in housewives (p< 0.05). Also, emotional safety enriched with self-compassion was significantly more effective compared to emotional safety training (p< 0.05), These results were maintained during the follow-up period
Conclusion: With emotional safety training enriched with self-compassion in addition to emotional regulation in housewives, secure attachment is strengthened, self-esteem and social-emotional competence are enhanced, leading to self-compassion. which could be a reason for the differential effectiveness of this training.
Aims: The present study aimed to comparing the effectiveness of emotional safety training and its enrichment with self-compassion on self-esteem, attachment, and social-emotional competence in housewives.
Methods: This research method was a was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all housewives in Mashhad city in 2023, of which 45 women were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of 15 including two experimental groups and a control group. The first and second experimental groups were subjected to training based on emotional safety training (Catherall, 2006) and emotional safety enrichment with self-compassion (salehi, 2023) during twelve 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. Questionnaires for self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), attachment (Collins and Read, 1990) and social-emotional competence (Zhou and Ee, 2012) were completed in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and SPSS version 22 software.
Results: The findings showed that both emotional safety trainings and emotional safety enriched with self-compassion significantly enhanced self-esteem, attachment, and social-emotional competence in housewives (p< 0.05). Also, emotional safety enriched with self-compassion was significantly more effective compared to emotional safety training (p< 0.05), These results were maintained during the follow-up period
Conclusion: With emotional safety training enriched with self-compassion in addition to emotional regulation in housewives, secure attachment is strengthened, self-esteem and social-emotional competence are enhanced, leading to self-compassion. which could be a reason for the differential effectiveness of this training.
Keywords: emotional safety training, emotional safety enriched with self-compassion, self-esteem, attachment, social-emotional competence, housewives
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/06/4 | Accepted: 2025/03/21 | Published: 2025/02/25
Received: 2024/06/4 | Accepted: 2025/03/21 | Published: 2025/02/25
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. |
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)