Background: Physical and mental changes in the elderly may lead to decrease their hope and happiness in life. Research has shown the effectiveness of logo therapy, but the question of the present study is whether logo therapy-based educational package can help improve these symptoms in the retired elderly teachers? Aims: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the logo therapy-based educational package on the hope and happiness of retired teachers. Method: The method of this study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical sample of this study included 30 retired elderly teachers of Kerman, who were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental (15 subjects) and control groups (15 people). Experimental group participants received 12 sessions, twice a week, of logo therapy training based on positive psychology books (Seligman et al., 2000), cognitive-behavioral techniques (Stallard, 2005; Translated by Alizadeh et al., 2010), and logo therapy (Frankl) (Translated by Milani, 2016). To collect data, Miller & Powers (1988) Hope Inventory and the Oxford Happiness Measurement Scale (1989) were used. The data were analyzed by covariance. Results: The findings showed that the logo therapy-based educational package was effective on the hope and happiness of retired teachers (P<0/001). Conclusions: Therefore, it can be said that holding educational courses based on the logo therapy can help improve hope and happiness of the elderly teachers.

Background: According to studies, emotional self-regulation and ego power are effective variables on anxiety, which is effective in organizing adaptive behavior and preventing negative emotions. Metacognitive therapy is effective on beliefs related to thought control, self-regulation strategies and increasing my strength in anxious people, but there is a research gap in the group effectiveness of this treatment.
Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on emotional self-regulation and ego strength of anxious students.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of Allameh Tabatabai and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, from which 30 students were selected by sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria as a sample. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received group metacognitive therapy wells and cartwright (2008) in 10 sessions of 45 to 60 minutes in the Green Way Psychology Clinic. The control group was also placed on a waiting list. The Psychological Inventory of Ego Strength (PIES) of Markstrom et al (1997) and emotional self-regulation questionnaire og the Hoffman et al (2010) were used to collect data. Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The results showed that group metacognitive therapy significantly increased hope (28.48), desire (59.05), goal (24.16), competence (44.64), loyalty (48.50), love (9.83), care (72.74), wisdom (10.24), adaptation (92.90), secrecy (27.65) and tolerance (33.95) of anxious students were effective (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: Overall, group metacognitive therapy can reduce anxiety by modifying misconceptions about uncontrollable anxiety, negative beliefs, and increasing self-esteem.

Background: The study of micro-cultures in the field of drug use, compared to other studies, not only in Iran, but also in other countries, has given a small contribution to the studies. Despite the existence of this research gap resulting from the study of personality traits about micro-cultures and norms that encourage substance consumption.
Aims: The purpose of this research was to compare Cloninger's personality traits in drug addicts in different cultures.
Methods: This research was descriptive-comparative. The population studied in this research included men aged 20 to 40 who use drugs from four subcultures: Gilak, Talesh, Kurd, and others (Persia). 300 of them were selected by purposeful sampling. All of them completed the personality traits questionnaire of Cloninger et al. (1993). Finally, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to describe the data.
Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference in personality traits between any of the different cultures (P>0.05). This means that it can be said that addicts of different ethnicities had similar personality traits.
Conclusion: Finally, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that substance-dependent people in different cultures in the present study had similar personality characteristics, and therefore, knowledge of these results can be important for personality psychologists, sociologists, and other professionals.

Background: Disturbance in relationships is the basis and foundation of emotional disorders. Due to the growth of mood and communication problems in families, the concern about the quality of the parent-child relationships during adolescence has increased significantly in recent years.
Aims: Considering the importance of the role of attachment in solving the communication problems of families, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a therapeutic program developed based on attachment and by Iranian culture in improving the relationship between depressed and anxious adolescents and their parents.
Methods: This research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, and a 6-week follow-up using a random selection of group members. The statistical population of the present study was 93 depressed and anxious teenagers visiting Rasht counseling centers in the age group of 14 to 18 years; based on the screening program (interview and implementation of the DASS-21 test), 48 people were selected and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the indigenous program of attachment-based intervention developed by Diamond, Diamond, & Levy (2014). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that the intervention used caused a significant difference in the improvement of the relationship between the test group and the control group, which indicates the effect of the intervention and the family therapy program developed based on attachment, in improving the communication context between depressed and anxious teenagers and their parents, and the effect of this The intervention did not return in the follow-up phase and remained stable.
Conclusion: Considering that the developed treatment provides useful solutions for the quality of the attachment relationship and improving the communication between teenagers and their parents, this program can be considered an effective treatment method.

Background: Disturbance relationships are among the main problems of people with traits of borderline personality disorder. An unpleasant parent-child relationship leads to a lack of stability sense, differentiation, and self-other disturbance. Although self-other disturbance has been considered one of the main criteria for borderline personality disorder for a long time, it has been neglected compared to its other aspects.
Aims: The present study aimed to identify the self-other pattern in women with borderline personality disorder.
Methods: The current research was basic research with a mixed approach using qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population included women with traits of borderline personality disorder, in addition to psychology and psychiatry specialists in Mashhad and Tehran in 2021. 15 women with traits of borderline personality disorder were selected from Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad by convenience sampling using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire (1999). The data was collected in the qualitative part using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire and semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part using a researcher-made questionnaire and then analyzed by content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results: The results indicated the model of self-other includes components such as “relation to parents”, “relation to the opposite sex” and “unsuccessful relationships”. Results of factor analysis also indicated “relation to parents” has the most contribution to the model.
Conclusion: Self-other disturbance in women with a borderline personality disorder is fundamental and a result of initial unstable relationships with parents. Therefore, the findings of the current study can be used in the treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Background: Somatic symptom disorder is a culturally dependent form of disorder, and culturally appropriate tools are necessary for its assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Although various studies emphasize the influence of culture on the factors and fields effective in the formation of somatic symptoms disorder, However, few studies have developed a suitable test to evaluate the factors and fields of Somatic symptom disorder in iranian culture.
Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of development and validating the questionnaire of the Antecedents of somatic symptom disorder (causal and contextual) in the Iranian society.
Methods: In terms of purpose, the present research is fundamental-applicative, in terms of gathering information, it is survey-questionnaire, and in terms of methodology, it is considered among test-making studies, which was carried out in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of the research included all people over 18 years of age in Tehran in 2023. The statistical sample size was 915 adults who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire on the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder, which was derived from a qualitative research, was used. Data analysis was done using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the first and second type to check the construct validity and principal component analysis method using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.
Results: The findings of this research showed that the questionnaire of the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder in iranian society has favorable psychometric characteristics. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire has 4 subscales of dictatorial parenting, dysfunctional couple relations, emotional and cognitive characteristics of childhood. Using Cronbach's alpha, the values of the internal consistency coefficient were found to be 0.922 for dictatorial parenting, 0.929 for dysfunctional couple relationships, 0.842 for the child's feelings, and 0.846 for the child's thoughts.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is suggested that specialists in medical centers use the questionnaire of the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder to evaluate, diagnose and prepare a treatment plan for somatic symptom disorder in iranian society.

Background: In Iran, marriages between Iranian women and Afghan immigrant men are on the rise; however, there is limited information available regarding domestic violence against Iranian women with Afghan immigrant spouses. Domestic violence is a serious social and public health issue that requires a precise understanding of the influential factors in this context.
Aims: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing domestic violence against Iranian women with Afghan immigrant spouses. This study could contribute to improving policies and prevention programs aimed at addressing domestic violence in these communities.
Methods: The present study utilized a descriptive phenomenological approach. The target population consisted of all Iranian women who were victims of domestic violence with Afghan immigrant spouses residing in Tehran province. The sampling method was a snowball technique, ultimately resulting in interviews conducted with 14 participants. Data collection utilized semi-structured, in-depth interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using a seven-step Colaizzi method.
Results: The results indicated that factors such as personal characteristics of women (such as age, education, and economic status), characteristics of Afghan spouses (economic, cultural, and social), and family and social factors (such as cultural pressures and societal attitudes) play a role in increasing domestic violence against Iranian women with Afghan immigrant spouses.
Conclusion: Given the findings of this study, it appears that a precise understanding of the factors influencing domestic violence in this community is crucial. This study can aid in formulating policies and prevention programs against domestic violence towards Iranian women with Afghan spouses, leading to improvements in their social and health-related conditions