Background: Numerous studies have been carried out to identify the factors influencing the choice of field of study for ninth grade students. But in the field of qualitative research and the role of childhood in selecting the field of study, there is a vacuum in the context of the country. Aims: The purpose of this study was to Qualitative Study of the Role of Pre-school and Elementary School periods on Field Selection of educational for ninth grade students. Method: This study was a qualitative and data-based theory. The statistical population consisted of The ninth grade students one of the schools in district 2 of Tehran city were academic year1395-96, 16 were selected by theoretical sampling method. The data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed by method of Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: Factors obtained in the pre-school period include pursuing interests and abilities and preparing the environment for the emergence of one's interests and abilities. In the elementary school period, the content factors include individuals’ experiences and relatives’ behavioral reactions, and in the section of the process factors associated with this period, the axial codes were observe and modeling (influence of others) and internalization. Conclusions: In the pre-school period, families and relatives are effective in creating and pursuing one's desires and abilities, during elementary school due to increasing age and more complex cognitive processes, as well as school entry. Factors are becoming more diverse.

Background: For many women, divorce means coping with extreme stress and emotional instability. To meet the challenges after divorce, divorced women need to be more resilient using different strategies. Almost all studies conducted in Iran with the subject of life after divorce have dealt with the process of adaptation and adaptation has been less considered as the gateway to adaptation.
Aims: The aim of this study was to discover effective strategies in the process of adaptation during post-divorce adjustment in divorced women.
Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and contextual theory method in 2020 and 2021 in Tehran. The population or field studied in this study included all divorced women in Tehran in 2020 who have passed at least 3 years of legal divorce (who have the opportunity and experience to face the challenges of life after divorce and the possibility of entering the process of adaptation after divorce. The study sample was saturated by selecting 12 divorced women using snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were analyzed using the systematic method of Corbin and Strauss.
Results: Analysis of participants' experiences leads to the identification of 7 main categories of building a new identity, interacting with divorce, managing post-divorce challenges, engaging in social activities (environmental influences), buffer (protective factors), spiritual-religious confrontations and Coping with factors out of control.
Conclusion: The results showed that divorced women 's use of internal and external factors can help to adapt to life after divorce and put them on the path of adjustment. Understanding knowledge based on divorced women's experience of post-divorce consequences and how to adapt to it, as presented in the present study, can help divorced women, counselors and therapists involved in this area to make gender-based decisions and interventions

Background: Studies have shown that changes caused by chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) can not only affect the mental health and self-esteem of these patients, Rather, a positive self-image and high self-esteem are the best predictors of a person with MS. Despite studies on the self-esteem of Mitella patients with MS, few studies have been conducted to discover strategies that affect their self-esteem.
Aims: The aim of this study was to discover psychosocial strategies effective in reducing or increasing self-esteem in women with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and custom / conventional analysis method in 2020 and 2021 in Tehran. The population or field studied in this study included all available women with MS in Tehran (with confirmation of membership in the Iranian MS Association) in 2020 and the first half of 2021. The research sample was saturated by selecting 11 women with MS using snowball sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data.
Results: Analysis of participants' experiences led to the identification of three main categories of another experience, nurture yourself, grown inhibition for participants with high self-esteem, and 1 main category entitled frustration for participants with low self-esteem.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that women with MS can restore their self-esteem and move towards greater adaptation to the disease by thinking about advancing another life experience, using their remaining resources and accepting and coping with the disease. The findings also suggest that physical despair, over-focusing on the past and being passive in the face of illness can destroy a patient's self-esteem, and ultimately challenge the patient's acceptance and recovery process.

Background: Identity is a dynamic construct and will change under different cultural conditions. Immigrants, facing the host country, react differently in order to adapt their identity to the new cultural conditions. Despite the high importance of identity and its changes in different cultural and geographical conditions and how a new identity base is formed in immigrants, none of the researches have specifically addressed the identity confusion caused by migration and how to help the individual in redefining identity as a dynamic matter.
Aims: The current research aimed at developing a model to help immigrant students form an established identity status focusing on “returning to oneself”.
Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a classical hermeneutic method. The current research community is the famous work of Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi, i.e., Masnavi Manavi, and the target sample, according to the content of the research, is two stories; of “Ni Namah” and “The Maid and the King” from Masnav’s first book. These two stories are often cited as documentary sources. The primary coding was based on the hermeneutic method emphasizing the metaphorical side of the mentioned stories. The underlying structure of the research was drawn through the descriptive and interpretive processes; the underlying structure of the research was drawn.
Results: Data analysis results were formulated in the counseling form model comprising six processes: 1) therapeutic alliance, 2) discovering the person desired, 3) raising awareness, 4) searching for origin, 5) unifying, and 6) termination. Each process has its unique content, purpose, and techniques.
Conclusion: The establishment model of the identity status based on “returning to oneself”, based on the components and theoretical framework obtained, can be utilized for solving the identity challenges of immigrant students.

Background: Undoubtedly, enriching interpersonal relationships. Women with husbands suffering from addiction due to their husband's abuse need to learn a series of skills to adapt or overcome the existing conditions. The negative effect of reducing the quality of married life in couples on different aspects of life seems to be necessary for reducing it in couples.
Aims: This study was with the aim Comparison of the effect of group counseling based on method Gottman Couple Therapy and Integrated Behavioral Couple Therapy on marital quality of women with addicted spouses in Ahvaz.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post -test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all women with a spouse suffering from addiction who referred to a welfare center in Ahvaz city in 2022. 45 people selected and randomly matched into two experimental groups and a control group. The data collection tool was Marital Quality Scale (Busby et al., 1995). Combined behavioral couple therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy interventions were considered on the experimental groups in the form of 10 sessions of 90 minutes in a group and weekly manner.
Results: Finally, a follow-up was done after one month from the end of the treatment. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that both integrated behavioral couple therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy were effective in improving the marital quality of spouses of women with addicted spouses (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that integrated behavioral couple therapy and Gutman couple therapy can lead to the improvement of marital quality of women with spouses suffering from addiction and it is necessary for psychologists to hold and implement such Conduct training.