Showing 7 results for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Zeinab Ezzati, Fatemeh Shahabizadeh, Kourosh Soleimannejad, Maryam Nasri,
Volume 20, Issue 104 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that can be stimulated and intensified by psychological factors such as anxiety and negative imotions and affects the quality of life of these patients. But can help the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on improve the qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder?
Aims: The aim of study was the efficacy of behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group and follow up for three months. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran. 60 patients were selected through targeted sampling and were assigned randomly into two experimental groups and one control group (n= 20 each). Experimental groups received twelve 90-minute sessions of behavioral cognitive (Dugas & Robichaud, 2007) and acceptance and commitment (Eifert & Forsyth, 1396) intervention's, and the control group received no intervention during this period. Participants were assessed by Patrick & Drossman's IBS Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (1998) and Jiang & et.al emotional schemas questionnaire (2019) in pre-test and post-test. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: Both interventions had a significant effect on improve the quality of life and emotional schemas (P <0.01), this effect was stable during follow-up period (P <0.01). Also, there was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of efficacy and both treatments are equally effective.
Conclusion: Each of the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to improve the quality of life and emotional schemas of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder.
Samaneh Homayouni, Mohammad Reza Taghavi, Mohammad Ali Goodarzi, Habib Hadianfard,
Volume 21, Issue 109 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background: Improving the psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is dependent on a deeper understanding of the relations between symptoms and associated factors. According to the novelty of the emotion focused therapy (EFT) concept, background of literatures indicative the importance role of emotions and the efficacy of therapy in psychological disorders. But does EFT help effective reducing worry and self-criticism in individuals with GAD?
Aims: The aim of this study was performed to the efficacy of EFT on worry and self-criticism in individuals with GAD.
Methods: The present study was single case experimental design of non-concurrent multiple baseline. The statistical population of the study included individuals referred to one of the psychology clinics in tehran in 2020. 4 participant were selected by convenience sampling and during 16-20 sessions of EFT (Timulak & McElvany, 2018), were answered to worry pennsylvania questionnaire (Meyer, Miller, Metzger & Borkovec, 1990) and self-criticism (Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles & Irons, 2004). Data analysis was performed by visual inspection, percentage of non-overlapping data, reliable change index and clinically meaningful.
Results: EFT reduced the variable of worry (%61/08 improvement percentage) and its effect was maintained until the end of the two-month follow-up period (%57/91 improvement percentage). As well as, therapy caused reduce the variable of self-criticism (%83/19 improvement percentage) and the effect of which was maintained until the end of the follow-up period (%79/72 improvement percentage). Their change in reliable index these variables also indicated that these changes were significant (P<0/05).
Conclusion: According to results in present study about the efficacy of EFT on reduce worry and self-criticism, this issue arises that the therapy with change emotion and rebuilding unwanted emotional experiences, caused reduce symptoms and possible psychological problems in individuals with GAD.
Zeinab Ezzati, Fatemeh Shahabizadeh, Kourosh Soleimannejad, Maryam Nasri,
Volume 21, Issue 117 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that can be stimulated and intensified by psychological factors such as anxiety and negative imotions and affects the quality of life of these patients. But can help the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on improve the qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder?
Aims: The aim of study was the efficacy of behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group and follow up for three months. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran. 60 patients were selected through targeted sampling and were assigned randomly into two experimental groups and one control group (n= 20 each). Experimental groups received twelve 90-minute sessions of behavioral cognitive (Dugas & Robichaud, 2007) and acceptance and commitment (Eifert & Forsyth, 1396) interventions, and the control group received no intervention during this period. Participants were assessed by Patrick & Drossman's IBS Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (1998) and Jiang & et.al emotional schemas questionnaire (2019) in pre-test and post-test. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: Both interventions had a significant effect on improve the quality of life and emotional schemas (P<0.01), this effect was stable during follow-up period (P <0.01). Also, there was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of efficacy and both treatments are equally effective.
Conclusion: Each of the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to improve the quality of life and emotional schemas of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder.
Abotaleb Vafadar, Seyed Mahmod Mirzamanibafghi, Marjan Jafariroshan,
Volume 23, Issue 133 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: One of the anxiety disorders that has a high coexistence with other disorders is generalized anxiety disorder. Considering the prevalence and debilitating nature of this disorder, it is very important to identify effective treatments with high potential to improve the treatment outcomes of people with generalized anxiety disorder. It was not found to deal with the descriptive review method.
Aims: The aim of the present study is to review effective therapeutic interventions on generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive review. Using the keywords of generalized anxiety disorder, treatment methods and psychological treatment, a search was conducted in specific databases such as Medline, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. A total of 73 articles were retrieved, and after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles, including those that were not directly related to the topic of discussion, as well as articles with duplicate findings, were removed.
Results: A review of studies showed that the main approaches used for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder are pharmacological and psychological approaches, that psychological treatments such as emotional schema therapy, education based on acceptance and commitment, and applied relaxation are more effective than drug treatment.
Conclusion: The results of the review and investigation of previous internal and external studies showed that according to the characteristics of anxiety disorders, especially generalized anxiety disorder, which have a great impact on people's cognition, psychological treatment processes with a cognitive-behavioral approach, including those based on acceptance and commitment and emotional therapy schema have a greater and longer effect on the treatment and reduction of the symptoms of this disorder.
Marzieh Makhdoomi, Shahnam Abolghasemi, Ali Khane Keshi,
Volume 23, Issue 144 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: It seems that despite the significant role of worry and uncertainty intolerance in occurrence, maintaining and intensify the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, few interventions have targeted such variables.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on worry states and intolerance of uncertainty in patient with generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up stage by control group. The study population included all people with generalized anxiety disorder referred to 40 psychological counseling centers in the 18th district of Tehran in 2023 which among those 34 cases were selected through available sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received schema therapy (Young, 2008) sessions for eight 90-minutes sessions. All participants were assessed by the generalized anxiety disorder scale- 7 item (Spitzer et al, 2006), Pen state worry questionnaire (Meyer et al, 1990) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Freeston et al, 1994). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software and MANOVA with repeated measure test.
Results: The results demonstrated that schema therapy is effective in reducing worry states and intolerance of uncertainty (p< 0.01) and that this effect is long-lasting (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, therapists and clinical specialists should consider schema therapy as an effective treatment strategy for generalized anxiety disorder.
Vahede Usefpoor, Majid Mahmoud Alilou, Khalil Esmaeilpour,
Volume 24, Issue 147 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background: Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and general anxiety suffer from attention bias. However, the lack of similar studies investigating attention bias in these groups necessiates a copmarison of attention bias between individuals with these disorders and those without.
Aims: The aim of this study was to compare attention bias among individuals exhibiting symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder ( washers and checkers), those with generalized anxiety disorder, and individuals without any diagnosed psychological conditions.
Methods: The methododology employed in this research is a causal-comparative (post-event) design. The statistical population of this study comprised all students enrolled at Tabriz University during the academic year 1401-1402. To identify students with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (based on Maudsley, 1997) and anxiety (following Beck, 1990) questionnaires were distributed using available methods. Subsequently, a purposive sampling technique was used to select 15 participants for each of the four groups: washers, checkers, anxious and normal. Following the selection process, participants underwent the emotional Stroop test (Stroop, 1935), which included four categories of words: disgust, anxiety, checking and neutral words to assess attention bias. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SPSS-20 software.
Results: The findings revealed that participants in the washing group exhibited significantly longer reaction time to disgust words (P≤0.001) compared to the other three groups. Similarly, individuals in the checking group demonstrated prolonged reaction time to checking words compared to the other three groups (P≤0.001). Moreover, participants in the anxiety group displayed extended reaction times to the anxiety words compared to the other groups (P≤0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings indicating heightened attention bias among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (washers and checkers) and generalized anxiety disorder compared to the normal group, it is recommended to implement therapeutic interventions and cognitive rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing attention bias in these two groups.
Marzieh Makhdoomi, Shahnam Abolghasemi, Ali Khane Keshi,
Volume 24, Issue 154 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background: The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder severely damages individuals' psychological, cognitive, communication and social processes and reduces their cognitive avoidance. But does schema-based therapy help decrease cognitive avoidance in people with generalized anxiety disorder?
Aims: Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of schema-based therapy on cognitive avoidance and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up stage by control group. The study population included all people with generalized anxiety disorder referred to 40 psychological counseling centers in the 18th district of Tehran in 2023 which among those 34 cases were selected through available sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received schema therapy (Young, 2008) sessions for eight 90-minutes sessions. All participants were assessed by the generalized anxiety disorder scale (Spitzer et al, 2006) and cognitive avoidance questionnaire (Sexton & Dugas, 2008). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software and MANOVA with repeated measure test.
Results: The results indicated the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing cognitive avoidance and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p<0.01) and maintaining its effectiveness in the follow-up stage (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that schema-based therapy utilizes techniques such as Schema validity testing, challenging anxious and catastrophic thoughts, role playing, and exposure and response prevention, and has appropriate clinical efficacy to decrease cognitive avoidance and Symptoms of generalized anxiety.