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Tofangchi M, Raeisi Z, Ghomrani A, Rezaee H. (2021). Developing the distress tolerance promotion package and comparing its effectiveness with compassion-focused therapy on self-criticism, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in women with chronic tension-type headaches. Journal of Psychological Science. 20(100), 621-634.
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-1047-en.html

 Background: Although distress tolerance plays a significant role in mental and physical health, developing specific interventions regarding an increase in distress tolerance has rarely been paid attention to. The impacts of the compassion-based intervention on psychological features of individuals with psychosomatic conditions have been rarely examined as well. Aims: The goals of the present study were, first, to introduce the distress tolerance promotion package (DTPP) and, second, to compare its effectiveness with compassion-focused therapy (CFT; Gilbert, 2010) in terms of self-criticism, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in women with chronic tension-type headaches. Method: The research was quasi-experimental with the pretest, posttest, and control group design. The statistical population included all women with tension-type headaches referred to headache and neurology clinics in Isfahan in 2019. Forty-eight women with tension-type headaches using purposeful sampling method were selected and randomly assigned to DTPP (n=16), CFT (n=16), and control (n=16) groups. DTPP and CFT groups attended a 90-minute session per week for 8 weeks, whereas the control group received no particular intervention. The participants were assessed using the scales of self-criticism (Gilbert et al., 2004), the fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), and anxiety (Beck et al., 1998) in the pretest and posttest stages. Results: The MANCOVA results revealed that compared to the control group, DTPP and CFT groups lead to significant improvements in each of the scales of self-criticism, the fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in the women with tension-type headaches. DTPP was also shown to have a greater positive effect on the reduction of self-criticism compared to CFT. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the effectiveness of the newly designed distress tolerance promotion package and compassion-focused therapy were approved on self-criticism, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in women with chronic tension-type headaches.