Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 23, Issue 142 (12-2024)
Journal of Psychological Science 2024, 23(142): 209-228 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Kabirinasab Y, Bahrainian S A, Ahi G, Mansouri A. (2024). Comparison of effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy on death obsession and self-care ability in the elderly. Journal of Psychological Science. 23(142), 209-228. doi:10.61186/jps.23.142.209
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2381-en.html
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2381-en.html
Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran. , majid.bahrainian@gmail.com
Abstract: (865 Views)
Background: The elderly population is widely acknowledged as a valuable asset to any society. Given the potential psychological and physical challenges associated with death obsession and self-care ability among the elderly, this research aims to address these issues. Notably, there is a dearth of investigation into the comparison of two interventions targeting death obsession and self-care in the Iranian elderly. Consequently, this study is designed to contribute to the enhancement of both variables in this specific demographic.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy on death obsession and self-care ability in the elderly.
Methods: The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test structure, incorporating two experimental groups and a control group. The study focused on the welfare elderly population in Behshahr City, selected through purposeful sampling and subsequently randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of compassion therapy (Gilbert, 2009), while the second experimental group participated in nine 120-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes et al., 2013). In contrast, the control group did not receive any treatment. Data collection involved the use of the self-care ability scale for the elderly developed by Yonsi et al. (2019) and the death obsession scale by Abdul Khaliq (1998). Statistical analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics, multivariate covariance analysis, and the SPSS 23 statistical software.
Results: The results revealed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy led to a reduction in death obsession and an enhancement in self-care ability among the elderly. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to compassion therapy concerning death obsession (p>0.05). However, it was noted that compassion therapy exhibited a higher effectiveness in improving self-care ability in the elderly (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: In light of the findings, it can be inferred that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy were effective in addressing death obsession and enhancing self-care ability in the elderly. Consequently, psychotherapy centers and elderly care facilities can consider employing acceptance and commitment therapy as well as compassion therapy as effective treatment approaches to enhance the well-being of the elderly, specifically targeting the improvement of death obsession and self-care ability.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy on death obsession and self-care ability in the elderly.
Methods: The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test structure, incorporating two experimental groups and a control group. The study focused on the welfare elderly population in Behshahr City, selected through purposeful sampling and subsequently randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of compassion therapy (Gilbert, 2009), while the second experimental group participated in nine 120-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes et al., 2013). In contrast, the control group did not receive any treatment. Data collection involved the use of the self-care ability scale for the elderly developed by Yonsi et al. (2019) and the death obsession scale by Abdul Khaliq (1998). Statistical analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics, multivariate covariance analysis, and the SPSS 23 statistical software.
Results: The results revealed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy led to a reduction in death obsession and an enhancement in self-care ability among the elderly. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to compassion therapy concerning death obsession (p>0.05). However, it was noted that compassion therapy exhibited a higher effectiveness in improving self-care ability in the elderly (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: In light of the findings, it can be inferred that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy were effective in addressing death obsession and enhancing self-care ability in the elderly. Consequently, psychotherapy centers and elderly care facilities can consider employing acceptance and commitment therapy as well as compassion therapy as effective treatment approaches to enhance the well-being of the elderly, specifically targeting the improvement of death obsession and self-care ability.
Keywords: acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion therapy, death obsession, self-care ability, the eldery
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/03/14 | Accepted: 2024/05/16 | Published: 2024/10/1
Received: 2024/03/14 | Accepted: 2024/05/16 | Published: 2024/10/1
References
1. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (1998). The structure and measurement of eath depression. Journal of ClinicalPsychology, 46, 834 -839. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00144-X]
2. Abedin, M; Iranian Barghi, Z; Akbari, H. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy on treatment compliance and quality of life of women with breast cancer. Journal of Psychological Sciences, 22 (130). (Persian). http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2100-fa.html
3. Abutalebi, H; Yazdachi, N. (2022). Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on death anxiety and quality of life among with multiple sclerosis. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University Tehran medical Branch, (1) 32,101-92. (Persian). [DOI:10.1007/s12671-014-0277-3]
4. Akbulut,S.,Ozer,Ali.,&Yilmaz,S. (2021). Factors affecting anxiety, depression, and self-care ability in patients who have undergone liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol,27(40), 6967-6984. [DOI:10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6967] [PMID] []
5. Alhani,f., Zeighami mohamadi, S.,SHakoor,M.,Farmani, P.,Fahidi, F.,&Mohseni, B. (2013).Adherence of self-care behaviors in patientswith systolic heart failure hospitalization insocial security Alborz hospital of Karaj andShahriar. Journal Faculty of Allied HealthSciences, 3 (11), 42-9. (Persian). [DOI:10.2147%2FPPA.S88482]
6. Azarbw M, Sajjadi N. (2018). Role of the meaning of life, Self-Compassion and psychological capital in predicting psychological well-being of seniors in the elderly. 4 (4). (Persian). http://jgn.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-296-fa.html
7. Baharundi, B; Kazemian Moghadam,k& Haroun Rashidi, H. (2019). The effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on the ability to tolerate ambiguity and death anxiety of the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(1), 13-26. (Persian). [DOI:10.22126/jap.2020.5148.1409]
8. Behzadi, S., Tajri, B., Sodagar, S& Shariati, Z. (9011) Comparison of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy on life satisfaction and self-care behaviors of the elderly with type II diabetes. Applied family therapy scientific research quarterly, 4(2), 48-501. (Persian).
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aftj.2.4.24 [DOI:10.22034/aftj.2022.295235.1136]
9. Bramwell,K.,Richardson,T. (2017). Improvements in Depression and Mental Health After Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are Related to Changes in Defusion and Values-Based Action. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 48,9-14. [DOI:10.1007/s10879-017-9367-6] [PMID] []
10. Brown,L.,Karmakar,C. (2019). A Self-Compassion Group Intervention for Patients Living With Chronic Medical Illness: Treatment Development and Feasibility study. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord,21(5).
https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.19m02470 [DOI:10.4088/pcc.19m02470]
11. Enea, V.,Eisenbeck, N., Petrescu, T.C.,& Carreno, D.F. (2021). Perceived Impact of Quarantine on Loneliness, Death Obsession, and Preoccupation With God: Predictors of Increased Fear ofCOVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643977] [PMID] []
12. Fortner, V., Robert A. Neimeyer, B. (1999). Death anxiety in older adults: A quantitative review. Death studies, 23(5), 387-411. [DOI:10.1080/074811899200920] [PMID]
13. Ghaibi, A, A;Tajeri, Buick; Kushki,SH& Sobhi, N. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and compassion on psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 7(2), 73-66. (Persian).
14. Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15(3), 199-208. [DOI:10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264]
15. Guner,T.,Erdogan,Z.,Demir,I. (2021). The Effect of Loneliness on Death Anxiety in the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Death and Dying,1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211010587 [DOI:10.1177%2F00302228211010587] [PMID] []
16. Haji hasani, M; Naderi, N. (2019). Death anxiety in the elderly: the role of spiritual health and perceived social support. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(4), 311-309. (Persian). [DOI:10.22126/jap.2020.5778.1473]
17. Hayes, S., Levin, M., Plumb, J., Villatte, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance andcommitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information, 44(2), 180-198. [DOI:10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002] [PMID] []
18. HosseinMirzaei,Z;Hosseinzadeh,F;Masoumi,R&Pashaipour, S. (2021). Strategies to improve self-care in postmenopausal women: a narrative review. Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 31. (Persian). http://ijnr.ir/article-1-2581-fa.html
19. Irons, C., & Lad, S. (2017). Using Compassion Focused Therapy to Work with Shame and Self-Criticism in Complex Trauma. Australian Clinical Psychologist, 3(1), 123-140. [DOI:10.1177/1744629518773843] [PMID]
20. Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology:Reviewing the status of ransdiagnostic construct.Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 580-593. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.002] [PMID]
21. KabiriNasab,Y;Abdullahzadeh, H. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness training based on acceptance and commitment on body awareness and emotional expression of the elderly. Journal of Psychology of Aging, 2(2),132-125. (Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/259382/fa
22. Kashfi, N; Ghanifar, M, H; Nasri, M& Dastjerdi, Q. (2022). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the life expectancy and decision-making of recovering addicts. Journal of Psychological Sciences, 22(127), 1397-1414. (Persian). http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-1938-fa.html
23. Khalatbari, A; Shiroudi, S. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of treatment focused on compassion and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin of type 2 diabetes patients. Journal of Gilan University of Medical Sciences, 29(3), 1-16. (Persian). http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-2275-fa.html [DOI:10.32598/JGUMS.29.3.1584.1]
24. Kazemi, A; Ahadi, H & Nejat, H. (2017). The effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on feelings of loneliness, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in patients with diabetes. Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 6(3), 44. (Persian). http://ijrn.ir/article-1-493-fa.html
25. Khalvati, M; Babakhanian, M & Khalvati,M. (2021). Death anxiety in Iranian elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Elderly Journal, 16(2), 156. (Persian). http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2028-fa.html [DOI:10.32598/sija.16.2.862.2]
26. Khanbabaei, N; Mojtabaei, M& Sabet, M. (1402). Effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on disease perception, self-care behaviors and adherence to treatment in female patients with breast cancer. Journal of Psychological Sciences, 22(128), 1565-1586. (Persian). http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-1927-fa.html
27. Labani,S. (2022). Importance of self-care management education and prevention of complication among older adult with (HF) heart failure: A systematic literature reviewn.novia university of applied sciences. [DOI:10.1177%2F2333721416684013]
28. Menzies, R. E., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2017). Death anxiety and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 367. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/abn0000263 [DOI:10.1037/abn0000263] [PMID]
29. Mohammadzadeh, A. (2014). Investigating the relationship between death obsession with religious coping methods, practicing religious beliefs, attachment styles to God. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 21(3), 243-236. (Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/17098/fa
30. Mohammadzadeh A, Najafi M. (2010). The Prediction of Death Obsession According to Religiosity Orientation:Role of sex. J Clinic Psychology, 3(7): 65-72. (Persian). [DOI:10.22075/jcp.2017.2030]
31. Mohammadi-Haris, V; Shakerdulaq, A; Khademi, A; Zinali, A &Safai, N. (2019). The effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on chronic pain, endurance and self-care of women with coronary artery disease. Journal of cardiovascular nursing, 9(1), 152-160. (Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/1003491/fa
32. Moraes, A. A., Quiroga,C.V., &Dacroce,L.A. (2021). Exploring Self-Compassion in Older Adults: a systematic review. Contextos Clínicos,141(15). http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2021.141.15 [DOI:10.4013/ctc.2021.141.15]
33. Motaghi, R; Mardpour, A& Khoramin, Sh. A. (2021). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on improving sleep quality and blood pressure in the elderly with insomnia. Quarterly Journal of Excellence in Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10, 57. (Persian). https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25382799.1400.10.37.5.7
34. Nakhjir,I.Z., Darvishpour,A.,Pourghane,P.,& Gholami Chaboki.,B. (2021). The relationship between frailty syndrome and self-care ability in the elderly with heart failure. Journal of Education and Health,10(1):475. (Persian). [DOI:10.4103/jehp.jehp_199_21] [PMID] []
35. Saadati,N; Rostami, M& Darbani, A. (2015). Comparison of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and therapy based on compassion. Journal of Family Psychology, 2(2), 58-45. (Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/250059/fa
36. Safari Mousavi, S; Ghazanfari,F,Mirdarikvand,F. (2017). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on death anxiety of women with MS in Khorram Abad city. Clinical Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 7(4), 236. (Persian). http://78.39.35.47/article-1-650-fa.html
37. Sangsefidi, S., GhanbariMoghadam, A., Mohammadzadeh, M., Karbalai, Z & Mohammadi, M. (2017). The ability of self-care and its predictive role in the quality of life of the elderly living in the community. Journal of Gerontology, 2(4), 64-70. (Persian). http://joge.ir/article-1-174-fa.html [DOI:10.29252/joge.2.4.64]
38. Sharma, P., Asthana, H. S., Gambhir, I. S., & Ranjan, J. K. (2019). Death anxiety among elderly people: role of gender, spirituality and mental health. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 33(3), 240-254. http://www.gerontologyindia.com/pdf/vol-33-3.pdf
39. Shahnavazi, M; Bamari, M; Rahimi, F; Gholami, F. (2017). Self-care in old age. Behorz Magazine, 28, 14-17. (Persian). [DOI:10.22038/behv.2019.14583]
40. Swain, J., Hancock, K.,Dixon,A., & Bowman,J. (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for children: a Systematic review of intervention studies. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science,4(2),73-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2021.141.15 [DOI:10.4013/ctc.2021.141.15]
41. Seekies, v., Bradely, G. L., &Duffy, A. L. (2020).Does a Facebook-enhaned mindful Self-Compassion intervention improve body image?An evulation study.Body image, 3,4259-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006] [PMID]
42. Taqvainia, A. (2017). The moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and death obsession of the elderly. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 6 (14), 97. (Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/101333/fa
43. Tohidifar, M; Kazemian Moghadam, K. (2021). The effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on the feeling of loneliness and cognitive flexibility of elderly men. Journal of Psychological Studies, 17(2), 116-97. (Persian). [DOI:10.22051/psy.2021.36089.2449]
44. Walizadeh, H; Ahmadi, V. (2021). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life and death anxiety of the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 7(2), 153-166. (Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.22126/jap.2021.6370.1528
45. WariP; Pordad, Saba; Afshari, S & Mirshamsi, Z. (2018) the prediction of suicidal thoughts in the elderly on the basic of gratitude and self-compassion. Journal of Gerontology, 3(4): 11-19. (Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/joge.3.4.2 [DOI:10.29252/joge.3.4.2]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. |
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)