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Emadi S Z, Bahrami Ehsan H, Rostami R. (2019). The effective factors on pain experience in female patients with migraine: A qualitative study. Journal of Psychological Science. 18(73), 1-16.
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-57-en.html

Background: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that affects people's quality of life and ability to participate in work, family, and social affairs. Despite the extensive research in the field of perception of migraine, no comprehensive explanatory pattern has yet been suggested to identify this disease. Aims: The present study, through a qualitative perspective, aimed to explore the effective factors on pain experience in terms of physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual aspects and ultimately, provide a multi-dimensional pattern to explain this disease. Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and applying content analysis method (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). Participants consistet of 19 female patients selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structural interviews. All interviews were reviewed and categories were extracted based on semantic similarities. Results: The process of pain experience of migraine is often initiated by a trigger and creates various reactions which lead to the improvement or severity of pain based on the individuals’ coping. In this process, psychological factors particularly play a critical role. Therefore, patients with migraine are not only engaged in physical symptoms, but also they have serious conflicts in expressing or hiding pain while encountering others. Conclusions: In the context of migraine, individuals’ negative evaluations which are consequences of their mental negative self-appraisals raise concerns. On the other hand, it is possible that others induce these negative evaluations and expose the patient to negative consequences. Given that migraine headache is both a physical and a psychological variable, the treatment should simultaneously include both medication and improving symptoms, and solving problems that affect the individual’s psyche and intensify his/her migraine.