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Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. , bghobari@ut.ac.ir
Abstract: (12 Views)
Background: Forgiveness is a conscious process involving the release of anger and replacement with compassion toward the offender. Although effective psychological models, Iran lacked a culturally adapted training program that integrates these models with the conceptual depth of Islamic teachings. This gap highlighted the need for a scientifically grounded yet culturally aligned indigenous model for Iranian society.
Aims: The present study aimed to analyze the Enright process model of forgiveness critically and to develop and validate an Iranian forgiveness training package.
Methods: The Present study employed a qualitative method using a grounded theory strategy. The research population consisted of undergraduate students from the University of Science and Research, Tehran, during the 2024-2025 academic year. Six participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Coding guided the analysis. A descriptive-analytical comparison was applied between Enright's model and Islamic constructs and findings were integrated with interview data to structure the training package. In the final stage, the content validity was evaluated by ten experts.
Results: The Analysis yielded 38 initial codes, 19 subcategories, and 4 main categories: Anger Management and Initial Forbearance, Faith-Based Conscious Decision, Consolidating Forgiveness through Spiritual Action, and Transforming Suffering into Collective Service. These were unified under the core category "Forgiveness: From Inner Purification to Outer Reformation" with Enright's model led to three major revisions: shifting the decision-making step to the beginning, integrating cognitive-emotional steps, and adding step of Reforming Relationships. The package demonstrated high content validity (CVI = 0.92, CVR = 0.85).
Conclusion: The analysis and reconceptualization of the Enright model resulted a shift in its nature (as an ethical-spiritual journey), its sequence (prioritizing commitment and integrating cognition with action), and its purpose (from individual liberation to social responsibility). The outcome is a validated Forgiveness Training Package, culturally-grounded approach to foster social cohesion and moral development
Aims: The present study aimed to analyze the Enright process model of forgiveness critically and to develop and validate an Iranian forgiveness training package.
Methods: The Present study employed a qualitative method using a grounded theory strategy. The research population consisted of undergraduate students from the University of Science and Research, Tehran, during the 2024-2025 academic year. Six participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Coding guided the analysis. A descriptive-analytical comparison was applied between Enright's model and Islamic constructs and findings were integrated with interview data to structure the training package. In the final stage, the content validity was evaluated by ten experts.
Results: The Analysis yielded 38 initial codes, 19 subcategories, and 4 main categories: Anger Management and Initial Forbearance, Faith-Based Conscious Decision, Consolidating Forgiveness through Spiritual Action, and Transforming Suffering into Collective Service. These were unified under the core category "Forgiveness: From Inner Purification to Outer Reformation" with Enright's model led to three major revisions: shifting the decision-making step to the beginning, integrating cognitive-emotional steps, and adding step of Reforming Relationships. The package demonstrated high content validity (CVI = 0.92, CVR = 0.85).
Conclusion: The analysis and reconceptualization of the Enright model resulted a shift in its nature (as an ethical-spiritual journey), its sequence (prioritizing commitment and integrating cognition with action), and its purpose (from individual liberation to social responsibility). The outcome is a validated Forgiveness Training Package, culturally-grounded approach to foster social cohesion and moral development
Article number: 6
Keywords: Forgiveness, Enright's Model, critical analysis, Iranian forgiveness training package, reforming relationships
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/11/5 | Accepted: 2026/02/17 | Published: 2026/07/23
Received: 2025/11/5 | Accepted: 2026/02/17 | Published: 2026/07/23
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