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دوره 23، شماره 144 - ( زمستان 1403(اسفند)، 1403 )                   جلد 23 شماره 144 صفحات 291-275 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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Niksirat F, Khademi Ashkzari M, Naghsh Z. (2025). A field study on the concepts of job burnout, work-family conflict, psychological capital, and mental health of teachers with an emphasis on gender roles. Journal of Psychological Science. 23(144), 275-291. doi:10.61186/jps.23.144.15
URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2392-fa.html
نیک سیرت فرشته، خادمی اشکذری ملوک، نقش زهرا. پژوهشی میدانی در مفاهیم فرسودگی شغلی، تعارض کار-خانواده، سرمایه روانشناختی و سلامت روان معلمان با تأکید بر نقش جنسیت مجله علوم روانشناختی 1403; 23 (144) :291-275 10.61186/jps.23.144.15

URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2392-fa.html


دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران. ، mkhademi@alzahra.ac.ir
چکیده:   (851 مشاهده)
زمینه: بررسی ادبیات حوزه معلمان ابتدایی و عوامل مؤثر بر شغل آن­ ها مانند فرسودگی شغلی، سلامت ­روانی، سرمایه اجتماعی و تعارض کار-خانواده نشان داد تاکنون مطالعه ­ای به بررسی تفاوت ­های جنسیتی معلمان ابتدایی شهر تهران از این منظر نپرداخته است.
هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تفاوت­ های جنسیتی در فرسودگی شغلی، تعارض کار-خانواده، سلامت­ روانی و سرمایه روانشناختی در معلمان ابتدایی شهر تهران بود.
روش: روش این پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع پس­ رویدادی و علّی-مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری شامل معلمین ابتدایی شهر تهران (12656 نفر) و نمونه 400 نفر (223 زن و 177 مرد) بود که با روش نمونه‌ گیری طبقه ‌ای با انتساب مساوی (از هر منطقه 50 معلم) انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی (مسلش و جکسون، 1981) پرسشنامه تعارض کار و خانواده (کارلسون و همکاران، 2000) پرسشنامه سلامت ­روانی (گلدبرگ و هیلر، 1979) پرسشنامه سرمایه روانشاختی (لوتانز، 2007) بود. روش تجزیه و تحلیل شامل استفاده از میانگین، انحراف معیار، کجی، کشیدگی و آزمون t مستقل بود.
یافته­ ها: تفاوت جنسیتی معناداری در فرسودگی شغلی، سرمایه روانشناختی و تعارض کار خانواده وجود دارد. فرسودگی شغلی، سرمایه روانشناختی و تعارض کار خانواده در معلمان زن به طور معناداری بیشتر از معلمان مرد بود (05/0 >P) ولی تفاوت دو جنس در متغیر سلامت روان معنادار نبود (05/0 <P).
نتیجه‌ گیری: امروزه زنان در کنار نقش کلیدی در خانواده و تربیت فرزندان، به عنوان نیروی انسانی توانمند و کارآمد در جامعه حضور دارند. وجود مشکل در هر کدام از این دو حوزه آسیب ‌زاست. طبق یافته ‌های این پژوهش و با توجه به بالاتر بودن میزان این متغیرها در معلمان زن، فراهم نمودن خدمات مشاوره روانشناختی و کارگاه‌ های آموزشی روانشناسی ویژه آن­ ها و انعطاف‌ پذیر کردن ساعات کاری معلمان در جهت کاهش میزان فرسودگی شغلی و تعارض کار-خانواده در معلمان می ‌تواند مؤثر باشد.
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: تخصصي
دریافت: 1402/12/29 | پذیرش: 1403/2/31 | انتشار: 1403/12/1

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