1. Barnidge, M., Peacock, C., Kim, B., Kim, Y., & Xenos, M. A. (2023). Networks and selective avoidance: How social media networks influence unfriending and other avoidance behaviors. Social Science Computer Review, 41(3), 1017–1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211069628
2. Bong, E.-J., & Kim, Y.-K. (2017). Relationship between life stress, depression and smartphone addiction in nursing students: Mediating effects of experiential avoidance. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 18(7), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.7.121
3. Burychka, D., Miragall, M., & Baños, R. M. (2021). Towards a comprehensive understanding of body image: Integrating positive body image, embodiment and self-compassion. Psychologica Belgica, 61(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.5334/ pb.1057
4. Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203807644
5. Cannavò, M., Cella, S., Gullo, J., & Barberis, N. (2024). Self-compassion and body shame: Observing different pathways from body surveillance to eating disorders symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 17, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100816
6. Canonigo, J., Uy, L. K., & Culajara, C. L. (2024). Social Media Usage, Body Image, and Psychological Well-Being among College Students. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(6), 451–470. Doi:10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61425
7. Cash, T. F. (2004). Body image: Past, present, and future. In Body image (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 1–5). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00011-1
8. Chin, Y. S., Appukutty, M., Kagawa, M., Gan, W. Y., Wong, J. E., Poh, B. K., Mohd Shariff, Z., & Mohd Taib, M. N. (2020). Comparison of factors associated with disordered eating between male and female Malaysian university students. Nutrients, 12(2), 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020318
9. Chou, W.-P., Yen, C.-F., & Liu, T.-L. (2018). Predicting effects of psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance and stress coping strategies for internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality in college students: a prospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040788
10. Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.011
11. Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2017). The relationship between Facebook and Instagram appearance-focused activities and body image concerns in young women. Body Image, 23, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.002
12. Ekşi, F. (2019). The mediating role of social media disorder in the relationship of experiential avoidance with psychological symptoms. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 6(3), 497–509. http://.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2019.6.3.0025
13. Ferreira, C., Dias, B., & Oliveira, S. (2019). Behind women’s body image-focused shame: Exploring the role of fears of compassion and self-criticism. Eating Behaviors, 32, 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.11.002
14. Gorday, J. Y., & Bardeen, J. R. (2022). Problematic smartphone use influences the relationship between experiential avoidance and anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(1), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0062
15. Górska, D., Świercz, K., Majcher, M., Sierpień, M., Majcher, M., Pikulicka, A., Karwańska, A., Kulbat, A., Brzychczy, P., & Kulbat, M. (2023). The Influence of social media on developing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 22(1), 56–62. Doi:10.12775/JEHS.2023.22.01.005
16. Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th (ed.) Upper Saddle River NJ. Prentice-Hall.
17. Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V, Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
18. Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008
19. Howard, L. M., Romano, K. A., & Heron, K. E. (2020). Prospective changes in disordered eating and body dissatisfaction across women’s first year of college: The relative contributions of sociocultural and college adjustment risk factors. Eating Behaviors, 36, 101357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101357
20. Jiotsa, B., Naccache, B., Duval, M., Rocher, B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Social media use and body image disorders: Association between frequency of comparing one’s own physical appearance to that of people being followed on social media and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880
21. Karkhanehei, M., Ahmadian, H., Moradi, O., & Karimi, Q. (2021). The casual model of eating disorder based on self-objectification, experiential avoidance, and perfectionism with mediating role of body image concern in the community of overweight women. Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 12(47), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.30495/jzvj.2021.25676.3329
22. Keutler, M., & McHugh, L. (2022). Self-compassion buffers the effects of perfectionistic self-presentation on social media on wellbeing. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 23, 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.11.006
23. Keyte, R., Mullis, L., Egan, H., Hussain, M., Cook, A., & Mantzios, M. (2021). Self-compassion and instagram use is explained by the relation to anxiety, depression, and stress. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6, 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00186-z
24. Krayer, A., Ingledew, D. K., & Iphofen, R. (2008). Social comparison and body image in adolescence: A grounded theory approach. Health Education Research, 23(5), 892–903. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cym076
25. Lin, H. (2024). The impact of social media on appearance and body image anxiety. In Addressing Global Challenges-Exploring Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Sustainable Solutions in a Changing World (pp. 700–706). Routledge. Doi:10.1201/9781032676043-96
26. Lin, W., Liang, H., Jiang, H., Mohd Nasir, M. A., & Zhou, H. (2023). Why is Smartphone Addiction More Common in Adolescents with Harsh Parenting? Depression and Experiential Avoidance‘s Multiple Mediating Roles. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 4817–4828. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S428167
27. McComb, C. A., Vanman, E. J., & Tobin, S. J. (2023). A meta-analysis of the effects of social media exposure to upward comparison targets on self-evaluations and emotions. Media Psychology, 26(5), 612–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647
28. Mitropoulou, E. M., Karagianni, M., & Thomadakis, C. (2022). Social Media Addiction, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Well-Being: A Structural Equation Model. Alpha Psychiatry, 23(6), 298. Doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2022.22957
29. Musaiger, A. (2015). Body weight concern among female university students in five Arab countries–a preliminary cross-cultural study. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 22(2). Doi: 10.5604/12321966.1152093
30. Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101.
31. Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). An experimental examination of appearance-related safety behaviors in a clinical sample of women. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000926
32. Phillips, W. J., & Wisniewski, A. T. (2021). Self-compassion moderates the predictive effects of social media use profiles on depression and anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100128
33. Raque, T. L., Lamphere, B., Motzny, C., Kauffmann, J., Ziemer, K., & Haywood, S. (2023). Pathways by Which Self-Compassion Improves Positive Body Image: A Qualitative Analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110939
34. Rodgers, R. F., Laveway, K., Campos, P., & de Carvalho, P. H. B. (2023). Body image as a global mental health concern. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 10, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2023.2
35. Scully, M., Swords, L., & Nixon, E. (2023). Social comparisons on social media: Online appearance-related activity and body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.93
36. Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2022). How is trait self-compassion used during appearance-related distress by late adolescents and emerging adults with positive or negative body image? A qualitative study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 37(6), 805–840. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355842110114
37. Slater, A., Varsani, N., & Diedrichs, P. C. (2017). # fitspo or# loveyourself? The impact of fitspiration and self-compassion Instagram images on women’s body image, self-compassion, and mood. Body Image, 22, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.06.004
38. Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). An experimental test of the role of appearance-related safety behaviors in body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(8), 770. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000387
39. Toole, A. M., LoParo, D., & Craighead, L. W. (2021). Self-compassion and dissonance-based interventions for body image distress in young adult women. Body Image, 38, 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.04.001
40. Tort-Nasarre, G., Pollina Pocallet, M., & Artigues-Barberà, E. (2021). The meaning and factors that influence the concept of body image: Systematic review and meta-ethnography from the perspectives of adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031140
41. Turk, F., & Waller, G. (2020). Is self-compassion relevant to the pathology and treatment of eating and body image concerns? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 79, 101856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101856
42. Tylka, T. L., & Kroon Van Diest, A. M. (2015). Protective factors. The Wiley Handbook of Eating Disorders, 430–444. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118574089.ch33
43. Wang, R., Ye, B., & Wang, P. (2024). Appearance comparison on social networking sites and body shame: The role of negative body talk and perceived sociocultural influences on body image. Journal of Health Psychology, 13591053241245100. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053241245100
44. Xie, Z. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Perception of Body Image and Beauty Standards on Young People. Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 5, 143–148.
45. Zargaran, A. (2023). Social Media Addiction and Its Correlation on Self-Compassion and Self-Esteem. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
46. Zhang, J., & Wang, E. (2022). Indulging in smartphones in times of stress: A moderated mediation model of experiential avoidance and trait mindfulness. Behavioral Sciences, 12(12), 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120485
47. Zucchelli, F., White, P., & Williamson, H. (2020). Experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion mediate the relationship between body evaluation and unhelpful body image coping strategies in individuals with visible differences. Body Image, 32, 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.002